Effects of chronic treatment with atypical neuroleptics on the biosynthesis and release of opioid peptides in guinea-pig ileum.

The guinea-pig ileum myenteric plexus is known to contain opioid peptides, which can be released by electric stimulation at high frequency. Haloperidol, a classic neuroleptic drug, increases the biosynthesis and release of endogenous opioid peptides from the myenteric plexus. In the present work we have examined the effects of chronic treatment with sulpiride and clozapine, two atypical neuroleptics, on the release of these peptides in the myenteric plexus of guinea-pig ileum. Both neuroleptics, administered over a period of 7 days, produced an increase of the inhibitory response obtained by electrical stimulation at 10 Hz of the ileum myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation. The inhibitory response was reversed by the specific opioid antagonist naloxone, which suggest that the increase in the inhibitory response produced by blocking the dopaminergic receptors is mediated by an increase in the release of opioid peptides. When sulpiride- or clozapine-treated guinea-pigs received cycloheximide (an inhibitor of peptide biosynthesis) there was a significant decrease of the inhibitory response, which indicates that neuroleptics produced an increase of the synthesis of opioid peptides in the ileum myenteric plexus. These results reveal a possible influence of the dopaminergic system on the biological turnover of these peptides.