Redfern Annabelle S, Benton Christopher P
School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Iperception. 2017 Jun 1;8(3):2041669517710663. doi: 10.1177/2041669517710663. eCollection 2017 May-Jun.
We recognise familiar faces irrespective of their expression. This ability, crucial for social interactions, is a fundamental feature of face perception. We ask whether this constancy of facial identity may be compromised by changes in expression. This, in turn, addresses the issue of whether facial identity and expression are processed separately or interact. Using an identification task, participants learned the identities of two actors from naturalistic (so-called ) face images taken from movies. Training was either with neutral images or their expressive counterparts, perceived expressiveness having been determined experimentally. Expressive training responses were slower and more erroneous than neutral training responses. When tested with novel images of the actors that varied in expressiveness, neutrally trained participants gave slower and less accurate responses to images of high compared with low expressiveness. These findings clearly demonstrate that facial expressions impede the processing and learning of facial identity. Because this expression dependence is consistent with a late bifurcation model of face processing, in which changeable facial aspects and identity are coded in a common framework, it suggests that expressions are a part of facial identity representation.
无论表情如何，我们都能识别熟悉的面孔。这种能力对于社交互动至关重要，是面部感知的一个基本特征。我们要问，面部身份的这种恒常性是否会因表情变化而受到影响。这反过来又涉及到面部身份和表情是分别处理还是相互作用的问题。通过一项识别任务，参与者从电影中截取的自然主义（即所谓的）面部图像中学习两名演员的身份。训练使用的要么是中性图像，要么是其对应的表情图像，表情的可感知性已通过实验确定。与中性训练反应相比，表情训练反应更慢且错误更多。当用演员表情各异的新图像进行测试时，接受中性训练的参与者对高表情图像的反应比对低表情图像的反应更慢且更不准确。这些发现清楚地表明，面部表情会妨碍对面部身份的处理和学习。由于这种表情依赖性与面部处理的晚期分叉模型一致，在该模型中，可变的面部特征和身份在一个共同框架中编码，这表明表情是面部身份表征的一部分。
