Diamond Matthew, Peniston Hector L., Sanghavi Devang K., Mahapatra Sidharth
Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell
FIU Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine
ARDS is an acute, diffuse, inflammatory form of lung injury and life-threatening condition in seriously ill patients, characterized by poor oxygenation, pulmonary infiltrates, and acute onset. On a microscopic level, the disorder is associated with capillary endothelial injury and diffuse alveolar damage. ARDS is an acute disorder that starts within seven days of the inciting event and is characterized by bilateral lung infiltrates and severe progressive hypoxemia in the absence of any evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary edema. According to the Berlin definition, ARDS is defined by acute onset, bilateral lung infiltrates on chest radiography or CT scan of a non-cardiac origin, and a PaO/FiO ratio of less than 300 mm Hg. The Berlin definition differs from the previous American-European Consensus definition by excluding the term acute lung injury; it also removed the requirement for wedge pressure <18 mm Hg and included the requirement of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of greater than or equal to 5 cm H0. Once ARDS develops, patients usually have varying degrees of pulmonary artery vasoconstriction and may subsequently develop pulmonary hypertension. ARDS carries a high mortality, and few effective therapeutic modalities exist to combat this condition.
急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）是一种急性、弥漫性、炎症性肺损伤，是重症患者危及生命的病症，其特征为氧合功能差、肺部浸润及急性起病。在微观层面，该病症与毛细血管内皮损伤及弥漫性肺泡损伤相关。ARDS是一种急性病症，在诱发事件发生后7天内起病，其特征为双侧肺部浸润以及在无任何心源性肺水肿证据的情况下出现严重进行性低氧血症。根据柏林定义，ARDS的定义为急性起病、胸部X线或CT扫描显示非心源性双侧肺部浸润以及动脉血氧分压/吸入氧分数值（PaO/FiO）小于300 mmHg。柏林定义与先前的欧美共识定义不同，它排除了急性肺损伤这一术语；还取消了肺毛细血管楔压<18 mmHg的要求，并纳入了呼气末正压（PEEP）或持续气道正压（CPAP）≥5 cm H₂O的要求。一旦发生ARDS，患者通常会出现不同程度的肺动脉血管收缩，并可能随后发展为肺动脉高压。ARDS的死亡率很高，且几乎没有有效的治疗方法来对抗这种病症。
