Guerrero Verónica Guerra, Baez Antonieta Fazzi, Cofré González Carmen Gloria, Miño González Carmen Gloria
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2017 Jun 8;41:e80. doi: 10.26633/RPSP.2017.80.
SYNOPSIS Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common disease in women and constitutes the second leading cause of cancer death in this population. The factors that contribute to the risk of occurrence are divided into nonmodifiable and modifiable factors. Although there are interventions in primary care to prevent the disease, these measures have not produced the desired changes in women's health. This article reviews the major modifiable risk factors for breast cancer and describes how these factors can affect the incidence of cancer in women. This information shows that modifiable risk factors (such as physical activity, diet, obesity, and use of alcohol and tobacco) can influence the occurrence of breast cancer, in part depending on the life stage of a woman, including menopausal status. Timely prevention at the primary care level is one of the most important areas on which health professionals need to focus in order to help reduce the incidence of breast cancer.
综述 在全球范围内，乳腺癌是女性中最常见的疾病，也是该人群中癌症死亡的第二大主要原因。导致发病风险的因素分为不可改变因素和可改变因素。尽管在初级保健中有预防该疾病的干预措施，但这些措施并未在女性健康方面产生预期的变化。本文回顾了乳腺癌的主要可改变风险因素，并描述了这些因素如何影响女性癌症的发病率。这些信息表明，可改变风险因素（如体育活动、饮食、肥胖以及烟酒使用）会影响乳腺癌的发生，部分取决于女性的生命阶段，包括绝经状态。在初级保健层面进行及时预防是健康专业人员需要重点关注的最重要领域之一，以帮助降低乳腺癌的发病率。
