Puangsuwan Areekul, Phakdeesettakun Kannapon, Thamarangsi Thaksaphon, Chaiyasong Surasak
Center for Alcohol Studies, International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
Center for Alcohol Studies, International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi; Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakam University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand.
WHO South East Asia J Public Health. 2012 Oct-Dec;1(4):412-422. doi: 10.4103/2224-3151.207043.
In Thailand, the 2008 Alcoholic Beverages Control Act set the minimum purchase age (MPA) at 20 years old in order to limit new drinkers as part of the overall alcohol control effort. This study aims to assess the compliance of off-premise alcohol retailers with MPA restrictions and to identify factors affecting sales to adolescents.
A decoy protocol was used to quantify compliance of 417 alcohol retailers from three categories, namely grocers, modern minimarts and department stores. Multi-stage sampling was applied to obtain the samples in four provinces: Bangkok, Nakorn Sawan, Songkhla and Surin. Each alcohol retailer was visited twice by 17-19 year-old male and female adolescents who tried to buy alcohol. Information collected from focus groups and in-depth interviews with vendors and management officers were analysed for the qualitative methodology.
Of all 834 buying attempts undertaken by the underage adolescent, 98.7% were successful in buying alcohol. Only 0.9% were asked for age and 0.1% were requested to show an ID card. Age and ID verifications were statistically significant to buying success as well as province, while number of vendors, gender and age of vendors and buyers, type of outlet, law cautions and advertisement signs in the outlet demonstrated no significant association.
The results showed that vendors fail to comply with the law despite the fact that they know the law. Enforcement needs to be strengthened to effectively limit new drinkers.
在泰国，2008年的《酒精饮料管制法》将最低购买年龄设定为20岁，作为整体酒精控制措施的一部分，以限制新的饮酒者。本研究旨在评估店外酒精零售商对最低购买年龄限制的遵守情况，并确定影响向青少年销售酒精的因素。
采用诱饵协议对来自杂货店、现代小型超市和百货商店三类的417家酒精零售商的遵守情况进行量化。采用多阶段抽样在四个省份获取样本：曼谷、那空沙旺、宋卡和素林。17 - 19岁的青少年男女各两次拜访每家酒精零售商，尝试购买酒精。对从焦点小组以及与供应商和管理人员的深入访谈中收集的信息进行定性方法分析。
在未成年青少年进行的所有834次购买尝试中，98.7%成功买到了酒精。只有0.9%被询问年龄，0.1%被要求出示身份证。年龄和身份证核查对购买成功以及省份具有统计学意义，而供应商数量、供应商和购买者的性别与年龄、店铺类型、法律警示以及店铺内的广告标志均无显著关联。
结果表明，尽管供应商知晓法律，但他们并未遵守法律。需要加强执法以有效限制新的饮酒者。
