Aziz Nabil, Bonavida Benjamin
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
For Immunopathol Dis Therap. 2016;7(1-2):41-55. doi: 10.1615/ForumImmunDisTher.2016017095.
During the last decade, probiotics have been established to be important mediators of host immunity. Their effects on both innate and adaptive immunity have been documented in the literature. Although several reports have correlated different strains of bacteria as probiotics, their effects on immunity vary. Clearly, there is a complex interplay between various constituents of probiotics and the immune response in humans. The role of probiotics on natural killer (NK) cells in the gut has been the subject of a few reports. In this review, we summarize the reported findings on the role of probiotics in the activation of gut-associated NK cells and the response of NK cells to stimuli elicited by probiotics and their microenvironment. The effects of probiotics on the activation of NK cells and their secretion of immune factors (e.g., interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-2, etc.) are discussed in regard to their clinical significance in various diseases. Current investigations are being pursued, in particular, on the role of probiotics-activated NK cells in promoting the adaptive immune response against pathogens.
在过去十年中，益生菌已被确认为宿主免疫的重要调节因子。其对固有免疫和适应性免疫的影响已有文献记载。尽管有几份报告将不同菌株的细菌作为益生菌进行了关联，但它们对免疫的影响各不相同。显然，益生菌的各种成分与人类免疫反应之间存在复杂的相互作用。益生菌对肠道中自然杀伤（NK）细胞的作用已有一些报道。在本综述中，我们总结了关于益生菌在激活肠道相关NK细胞以及NK细胞对益生菌及其微环境引发的刺激的反应方面的报道结果。就益生菌在各种疾病中的临床意义而言，讨论了其对NK细胞激活及其免疫因子（如干扰素-γ、肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-2等）分泌的影响。目前正在进行特别研究，探讨益生菌激活的NK细胞在促进针对病原体的适应性免疫反应中的作用。
