Goldberg E
Schizophr Bull. 1985;11(2):255-63. doi: 10.1093/schbul/11.2.255.
Two iatrogenic effects of antipsychotic medications other than tardive dyskinesia have been recently described in schizophrenic populations: akinesia and tardive dysmentia. These effects involve activational, cognitive, and affective rather than motor changes, and closely resemble two most common prefrontal syndromes: dorsolateral and fronto-orbital/mediobasal. It is possible that the widely reported "frontal lobe dysfunction" in some chronic schizophrenic patients at least in part reflects iatrogenic changes in the mesolimbic/mesocortical dopamine system, which projects extensively into prefrontal areas. The degree of iatrogenic versus genuine contribution to the frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia needs to be ascertained further, and the heterogeneity of known frontal lobe syndromes must be taken into account in describing schizophrenic populations. The mechanisms of noniatrogenic contributions to the frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia may reflect a variety of anatomical sources and require further examination.
运动不能和迟发性痴呆。这些效应涉及激活、认知和情感方面的改变，而非运动改变，并且与两种最常见的前额叶综合征极为相似：背外侧综合征和额眶/内侧基底综合征。一些慢性精神分裂症患者中广泛报道的“额叶功能障碍”，至少部分可能反映了中脑边缘/中脑皮质多巴胺系统的医源性改变，该系统广泛投射至前额叶区域。精神分裂症中额叶功能障碍的医源性与真正成因的程度尚需进一步确定，并且在描述精神分裂症患者群体时必须考虑已知额叶综合征的异质性。精神分裂症中额叶功能障碍的非医源性成因机制可能反映了多种解剖学来源，需要进一步研究。
