Bernardi Sara, Bianchi Serena, Continenza Maria Adelaide, Macchiarelli Guido
Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
Surg Radiol Anat. 2017 Dec;39(12):1349-1357. doi: 10.1007/s00276-017-1888-x. Epub 2017 Jun 14.
Lingual mandibular foramina are peculiar anatomical variations often present on the bone surface of the inferior jaw. These structures host vascular and nervous anastomosis deriving from the branches of the submental artery, lingual artery, and the mylohyoid nerve. Reports pointed out intra-operative massive bleeding accidents during implant interventions occurred in this area. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize quantitatively the features of the lingual foramina on the midline of the inferior jaw. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis complying the PRISMA statement and registering it in PROSPERO database. The frequency rate of the foramina resulted to have a point estimate of 0.965. The means of the diameters showed to have a point estimate of 0.840 with a standard error of 0.06. The results showed a significant high frequency reported in the literature of this variation, with a quite important diameter, sign of significant caliber of the related vessels. Even if this variation is underreported in modern textbooks of oral anatomy, we suggest an accurate screening via CT scan pre-operatively. In addition, a proper risk management is necessary to minimize injure hazard and properly managing the vascular plexus of the anterior floor of oral cavity.
舌下颌孔是下颌骨表面常见的特殊解剖变异。这些结构存在来自颏下动脉、舌动脉分支以及下颌舌骨神经的血管和神经吻合。报告指出，在此区域进行种植手术时会发生术中大量出血事故。本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是定量总结下颌骨中线舌孔的特征。我们按照PRISMA声明进行了系统评价和荟萃分析，并将其注册到PROSPERO数据库中。孔的发生率点估计值为0.965。直径均值的点估计值为0.840，标准误为0.06。结果显示，文献报道这种变异的频率显著较高，且直径相当大，这表明相关血管的管径较大。即使这种变异在现代口腔解剖学教科书中报道较少，但我们建议术前通过CT扫描进行精确筛查。此外，需要进行适当的风险管理，以将损伤风险降至最低，并妥善处理口腔前壁的血管丛。
