College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Jul;24(21):17889-17899. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9215-y. Epub 2017 Jun 15.
A robust risk assessment of Mehmood Booting Open Dumping (MBOD) site has been carried out by developing holistic risk assessment framework. Framework mainly comprises on baseline study, hazard identification, and risk quantification and evaluation. Physico-chemical analysis of groundwater and leachate, health risk assessment, and estimation of gas emissions from the site were carried out for risk evaluation. LandGEM 3.02 modelling software was used to measure the gas emissions. Analysis of leachate showed that all parameters were exceeding the WHO standard limit. Water samples were found polluted with heavy metals and total coliform contamination. Health survey inferred that problems which were faced by the majority of respondents were respiratory problems (80%). LandGEM model estimated that total landfill gas (TLG) emitted from the site for the year 2014 was 1.760E+05 Mg/year, CH emission was 5.445E+06 Mg/year, CO emission was 1.290E+05 Mg/year and for non-methane organic compound emission was 2.021E+03 Mg/year. It can be concluded that in the near future, almost all the water locations are possibly threatened with leachate contamination due to the continued accumulation of solid waste at MBOD site. The study recommends that new sanitary landfill sites should be designed to minimize the adverse effects associated with solid waste disposal and to preclude further pollution to surface water, groundwater, soil, and air.
已通过开发整体风险评估框架，对 Mehmood Booting Open Dumping (MBOD) 场地进行了稳健的风险评估。框架主要包括基础研究、危害识别以及风险量化和评估。为了进行风险评估，对地下水和渗滤液进行了理化分析、健康风险评估以及对该场地的气体排放进行了估算。使用 LandGEM 3.02 建模软件来测量气体排放。对渗滤液的分析表明，所有参数均超过了世卫组织标准限值。水样被发现受到重金属和总大肠菌群污染。健康调查推断，大多数受访者面临的问题是呼吸道问题（80%）。LandGEM 模型估计，该场地 2014 年排放的总垃圾填埋气（TLG）为 1.760E+05 Mg/年，CH 排放量为 5.445E+06 Mg/年，CO 排放量为 1.290E+05 Mg/年，非甲烷有机化合物排放量为 2.021E+03 Mg/年。可以得出结论，在不久的将来，由于 MBOD 场地继续堆积固体废物，几乎所有的水源都可能受到渗滤液污染的威胁。该研究建议设计新的卫生垃圾填埋场，以最大限度地减少与固体废物处理相关的不利影响，并防止对地表水、地下水、土壤和空气造成进一步污染。
