Medgyesi Danielle N, Holmes Heather A, Angermann Jeff E
School of Community Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
Atmospheric Sciences Program, Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Jun 15;14(6):641. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14060641.
The use of solid biomass fuels in cookstoves has been associated with chronic health impacts that disproportionately affect women worldwide. Solid fuel stoves that use wood, plant matter, and cow dung are commonly used for household cooking in rural Bangladesh. This study investigates the immediate effects of acute elevated cookstove emission exposures on pulmonary function. Pulmonary function was measured with spirometry before and during cooking to assess changes in respiratory function during exposure to cookstove emissions for 15 females ages 18-65. Cookstove emissions were characterized using continuous measurements of particulate matter (PM-aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) concentrations at a 1 s time resolution for each household. Several case studies were observed where women ≥40 years who had been cooking for ≥25 years suffered from severe pulmonary impairment. Forced expiratory volume in one second over forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) was found to moderately decline ( = 0.06) during cooking versus non-cooking in the study cohort. The study found a significant (α < 0.05) negative association between 3- and 10-min maximum PM emissions during cooking and lung function measurements of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC obtained during cooking intervals. This study found that exposure to biomass burning emissions from solid fuel stoves- associated with acute elevated PM concentrations- leads to a decrease in pulmonary function, although further research is needed to ascertain the prolonged (e.g., daily, for multiple years) impacts of acute PM exposure on immediate and sustained respiratory impairment.
在炉灶中使用固体生物质燃料与慢性健康影响相关，这种影响在全球范围内对女性的影响尤为严重。在孟加拉国农村地区，家庭烹饪普遍使用以木材、植物材料和牛粪为燃料的固体燃料炉灶。本研究调查了炉灶排放急性升高对肺功能的即时影响。对15名年龄在18至65岁的女性，在烹饪前和烹饪过程中使用肺活量测定法测量肺功能，以评估接触炉灶排放期间呼吸功能的变化。通过对每个家庭以1秒时间分辨率连续测量颗粒物（空气动力学直径<2.5μm的细颗粒物）浓度来表征炉灶排放。观察到几个案例，年龄≥40岁且烹饪时间≥25年的女性患有严重的肺损伤。在研究队列中，发现烹饪期间与非烹饪期间相比，一秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量之比（FEV1/FVC）出现中度下降（ = 0.06）。该研究发现，烹饪期间3分钟和10分钟的最大颗粒物排放量与烹饪期间测量的用力肺活量（FVC）、一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）以及FEV1/FVC之间存在显著的（α < 0.05）负相关。本研究发现，接触固体燃料炉灶的生物质燃烧排放（与急性升高的细颗粒物浓度相关）会导致肺功能下降，不过还需要进一步研究以确定急性细颗粒物暴露对即时和持续呼吸损伤的长期（例如每日、多年）影响。
