Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Eat Weight Disord. 2012 Jun;17(2):e101-8. doi: 10.1007/BF03325333.
Few well-controlled trials have evaluated the effects that macronutrient composition has on changes in food cravings during weight loss treatment. The present study, which was part of the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS LOST) trial, investigated whether the fat and protein content of four different diets affected changes in specific food cravings in overweight and obese adults. A sample of 811 adults were recruited across two clinical sites, and each participant was randomly assigned to one of four macronutrient prescriptions: 1) low fat (20% of energy), average protein (15% of energy); 2) moderate fat (40%), average protein (15%); 3) low fat (20%), high protein (25%); 4) moderate fat (40%), high protein (25%). With few exceptions, the type of diet that participants were assigned did not differentially affect changes in specific food cravings. Participants assigned to the high-fat diets, however, had reduced cravings for carbohydrates at month 12 (p<0.05) and fruits and vegetables at month 24. Also, participants assigned to high-protein diets had increased cravings for sweets at month 6 and month 12 (ps<0.05). Participants in all four dietary conditions reported significant reductions in food cravings for specific types of foods (i.e., high fat foods, fast food fats, sweets, and carbohydrates/starches; all ps<0.05). Cravings for fruits and vegetables, however, were increased at month 24 (p<0.05). Calorically restricted diets (regardless of their macronutrient composition) yielded significant reductions in cravings for fats, sweets, and starches whereas cravings for fruits and vegetables were increased.
很少有精心控制的试验评估宏量营养素组成对减肥治疗期间食物渴望变化的影响。本研究是预防超重使用新型饮食策略（POUNDS LOST）试验的一部分，旨在研究四种不同饮食的脂肪和蛋白质含量是否会影响超重和肥胖成年人特定食物渴望的变化。在两个临床站点共招募了 811 名成年人，每位参与者被随机分配到四种宏量营养素处方之一：1）低脂肪（20%的能量），平均蛋白质（15%的能量）；2）中等脂肪（40%），平均蛋白质（15%）；3）低脂肪（20%），高蛋白（25%）；4）中等脂肪（40%），高蛋白（25%）。除了少数例外，参与者分配的饮食类型并没有对特定食物渴望的变化产生差异影响。然而，分配到高脂肪饮食的参与者在第 12 个月时对碳水化合物的渴望减少（p<0.05），在第 24 个月时对水果和蔬菜的渴望减少（p<0.05）。此外，分配到高蛋白饮食的参与者在第 6 个月和第 12 个月对甜食的渴望增加（p<0.05）。所有四种饮食条件的参与者都报告称，对特定类型食物（即高脂肪食物、快餐脂肪、甜食和碳水化合物/淀粉）的食物渴望显著减少（所有 p<0.05）。然而，对水果和蔬菜的渴望在第 24 个月增加（p<0.05）。无论其宏量营养素组成如何，热量限制饮食都能显著减少对脂肪、甜食和淀粉的渴望，而对水果和蔬菜的渴望增加。
