UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Biologia, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
INRA, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, UR 406 Abeilles & Environnement, Avignon, France.
Environ Pollut. 2017 Oct;229:386-393. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.092. Epub 2017 Jun 12.
Under laboratory conditions, the effects of thiamethoxam were investigated in larvae, pupae and emerging honey bees after exposure at larval stages with different concentrations in the food (0.00001 ng/μL, 0.001 ng/μL and 1.44 ng/μL). Thiamethoxam reduced the survival of larvae and pupae and consequently decreased the percentage of emerging honey bees. Thiamethoxam induced important physiological disturbances. It increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity at all developmental stages and increased glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and carboxylesterase para (CaEp) activities at the pupal stages. For midgut alkaline phosphatase (ALP), no activity was detected in pupae stages, and no effect was observed in larvae and emerging bees. We assume that the effects of thiamethoxam on the survival, emergence and physiology of honey bees may affect the development of the colony. These results showed that attention should be paid to the exposure to pesticides during the developmental stages of the honey bee. This study represents the first investigation of the effects of thiamethoxam on the development of A. mellifera following larval exposure.
在实验室条件下，研究了噻虫嗪在幼虫、蛹和出房的蜜蜂在幼虫阶段暴露于不同浓度（0.00001ng/μL、0.001ng/μL 和 1.44ng/μL）食物中的作用。噻虫嗪降低了幼虫和蛹的存活率，从而降低了出房蜜蜂的比例。噻虫嗪诱导了重要的生理干扰。它增加了所有发育阶段的乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性，并增加了蛹阶段的谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）和羧酸酯酶 para（CaEp）活性。对于中肠碱性磷酸酶（ALP），在蛹阶段未检测到活性，在幼虫和出房的蜜蜂中也未观察到影响。我们假设噻虫嗪对蜜蜂的存活、出房和生理的影响可能会影响蜂群的发展。这些结果表明，在蜜蜂的发育阶段应注意接触农药。本研究代表了噻虫嗪对幼虫暴露后 A. mellifera 发育影响的首次研究。
