Giertuga Katarzyna, Zakrzewska Marta Z, Bielecki Maksymilian, Racicka-Pawlukiewicz Ewa, Kossut Malgorzata, Cybulska-Klosowicz Anita
Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of SciencesWarsaw, Poland.
Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm UniversityStockholm, Sweden.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2017 May 30;11:285. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00285. eCollection 2017.
Numerous studies indicate that attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is related to some developmental trends, as its symptoms change widely over time. Nevertheless, the etiology of this phenomenon remains ambiguous. There is a disagreement whether ADHD is related to deviations in brain development or to a delay in brain maturation. The model of deviated brain development suggests that the ADHD brain matures in a fundamentally different way, and does not reach normal maturity at any developmental stage. On the contrary, the delayed brain maturation model assumes that the ADHD brain indeed matures in a different, delayed way in comparison to healthy age-matched controls, yet eventually reaches proper maturation. We investigated age-related changes in resting-state EEG activity to find evidence to support one of the alternative models. A total of 141 children and teenagers participated in the study; 67 diagnosed with ADHD and 74 healthy controls. The absolute power of delta, theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands was analyzed. We observed a significant developmental pattern of decreasing absolute EEG power in both groups. Nonetheless, ADHD was characterized by consistently lower absolute EGG power, mostly in the theta frequency band, in comparison to healthy controls. Our results are in line with the deviant brain maturation theory of ADHD, as the observed effects of age-related changes in EEG power are parallel but different in the two groups.
众多研究表明，注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）与一些发育趋势相关，因为其症状会随时间发生很大变化。然而，这一现象的病因仍不明确。关于ADHD是与大脑发育偏差有关还是与大脑成熟延迟有关，存在分歧。大脑发育偏差模型表明，ADHD患者的大脑以一种根本不同的方式成熟，在任何发育阶段都达不到正常成熟水平。相反，大脑成熟延迟模型认为，与年龄匹配的健康对照组相比，ADHD患者的大脑确实以一种不同的、延迟的方式成熟，但最终会达到正常成熟。我们研究了静息态脑电图（EEG）活动中与年龄相关的变化，以寻找支持其中一种替代模型的证据。共有141名儿童和青少年参与了这项研究；其中67名被诊断为ADHD，74名是健康对照组。分析了δ、θ、α和β频段的绝对功率。我们在两组中均观察到脑电图绝对功率下降的显著发育模式。尽管如此，与健康对照组相比，ADHD的特征是脑电图绝对功率持续较低，主要在θ频段。我们的结果与ADHD的异常大脑成熟理论一致，因为观察到的脑电图功率与年龄相关变化的影响在两组中是平行但不同的。
