Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
Department of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Slupsk, 64 Bohaterów Westerplatte Str., 76-200, Słupsk, Poland.
Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2018 Apr;38(3):579-593. doi: 10.1007/s10571-017-0510-4. Epub 2017 Jun 16.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most widely distributed and extensively studied neurotrophins in the mammalian brain. Among its prominent functions, one can mention control of neuronal and glial development, neuroprotection, and modulation of both short- and long-lasting synaptic interactions, which are critical for cognition and memory. A wide spectrum of processes are controlled by BDNF, and the sometimes contradictory effects of its action can be explained based on its specific pattern of synthesis, comprising several intermediate biologically active isoforms that bind to different types of receptor, triggering several signaling pathways. The functions of BDNF must be discussed in close relation to the stage of brain development, the different cellular components of nervous tissue, as well as the molecular mechanisms of signal transduction activated under physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we briefly summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the impact of BDNF on regulation of neurophysiological processes. The importance of BDNF for future studies aimed at disclosing mechanisms of activation of signaling pathways, neuro- and gliogenesis, as well as synaptic plasticity is highlighted.
脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）是哺乳动物大脑中分布最广泛、研究最深入的神经营养因子之一。在其众多突出的功能中，人们可以提到控制神经元和神经胶质细胞的发育、神经保护以及调节短期和长期的突触相互作用，这些对于认知和记忆至关重要。BDNF 控制着广泛的过程，其作用的有时相互矛盾的效应可以根据其特定的合成模式来解释，包括几种结合不同类型受体的中间生物活性同种型，从而触发几种信号通路。BDNF 的功能必须与大脑发育的阶段、神经组织的不同细胞成分以及在生理和病理条件下激活的信号转导的分子机制密切相关地进行讨论。在这篇综述中，我们简要总结了目前关于 BDNF 对神经生理过程调节的影响的知识状况。强调了 BDNF 对于未来研究揭示信号通路激活、神经发生和神经胶质发生以及突触可塑性的机制的重要性。
