May Philip A, Tabachnick Barbara, Hasken Julie M, Marais Anna-Susan, de Vries Marlene M, Barnard Ronel, Joubert Belinda, Cloete Marise, Botha Isobel, Kalberg Wendy O, Buckley David, Burroughs Zachary R, Bezuidenhout Heidre, Robinson Luther K, Manning Melanie A, Adnams Colleen M, Seedat Soraya, Parry Charles D H, Hoyme H Eugene
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, United States; Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa; The University of New Mexico, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse and Addictions, United States.
California State University, Northridge, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017 Aug 1;177:258-267. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.04.010. Epub 2017 Jun 15.
To examine outcomes among boys and girls that are associated with prenatal alcohol exposure.
Boys and girls with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and randomly-selected controls were compared on a variety of physical and neurobehavioral traits.
Sex ratios indicated that heavy maternal binge drinking may have significantly diminished viability to birth and survival of boys postpartum more than girls by age seven. Case control comparisons of a variety of physical and neurobehavioral traits at age seven indicate that both sexes were affected similarly for a majority of variables. However, alcohol-exposed girls had significantly more dysmorphology overall than boys and performed significantly worse on non-verbal IQ tests than males. A three-step sequential regression analysis, controlling for multiple covariates, further indicated that dysmorphology among girls was significantly more associated with five maternal drinking variables and three distal maternal risk factors. However, the overall model, which included five associated neurobehavioral measures at step three, was not significant (p=0.09, two-tailed test). A separate sequential logistic regression analysis of predictors of a FASD diagnosis, however, indicated significantly more negative outcomes overall for girls than boys (Nagelkerke R=0.42 for boys and 0.54 for girls, z=-2.9, p=0.004).
Boys and girls had mostly similar outcomes when prenatal alcohol exposure was linked to poor physical and neurocognitive development. Nevertheless, sex ratios implicate lower viability and survival of males by first grade, and girls have more dysmorphology and neurocognitive impairment than boys resulting in a higher probability of a FASD diagnosis.
研究与产前酒精暴露相关的男孩和女孩的结局。
对患有胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）的男孩和女孩以及随机选择的对照组在各种身体和神经行为特征方面进行比较。
性别比例表明，孕期母亲大量酗酒对男孩出生前的生存能力及产后至七岁的存活率的影响可能比女孩更大。对七岁时各种身体和神经行为特征进行病例对照比较表明，大多数变量对两性的影响相似。然而，总体而言，暴露于酒精的女孩比男孩有更多的畸形，并且在非言语智商测试中的表现明显比男性差。一项控制多个协变量的三步逐步回归分析进一步表明，女孩的畸形与五个母亲饮酒变量和三个母亲远端风险因素的关联更为显著。然而，在第三步纳入五个相关神经行为指标的总体模型并不显著（p = 0.09，双侧检验）。然而，一项关于FASD诊断预测因素的单独逐步逻辑回归分析表明，总体而言女孩的负面结局比男孩显著更多（男孩的Nagelkerke R = 0.42，女孩为0.54，z = -2.9，p = 0.004）。
当产前酒精暴露与身体和神经认知发育不良相关时，男孩和女孩的结局大多相似。尽管如此，性别比例表明一年级男生的生存能力和存活率较低，并且女孩比男孩有更多的畸形和神经认知障碍，导致FASD诊断的可能性更高。
