Department of Child, Adolescent and Women's Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, QLD 4222, Australia.
Front Med. 2018 Apr;12(2):164-173. doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0540-9. Epub 2017 Jun 17.
Executive function (EF) is increasingly recognized as being responsible for adverse developmental outcomes in preterm-born infants. Several perinatal factors may lead to poor EF development in infancy, and the deficits in EF can be identified in infants as young as eight months. A prospective cohort study was designed to study the EF in Chinese preterm infants and examine the relationship between EF in preterm infants and maternal factors during perinatal period. A total of 88 preterm infants and 88 full-term infants were followed from birth to eight months (corrected age). Cup Task and Planning Test was applied to assess the EF of infants, and the Bayley Scale of Infant Development (BSID-III) was used to evaluate cognitive (MDI) and motor abilities (PDI) of infants. In comparison with full-term infants, the preterm infants performed more poorly on all measures of EF including working memory, inhibition to prepotent responses, inhibition to distraction, and planning, and the differences remained after controlling the MDI and PDI. Anemia and selenium deficiency in mothers during pregnancy contributed to the differences in EF performance. However, maternal depression, hypertension, and diabetes during pregnancy were not related to the EF deficits in preterm infants. Future research should focus on the prevention of anemia and selenium deficiency during pregnancy and whether supplementing selenium in mothers during pregnancy can prevent further deterioration and the development of adverse outcomes of their offspring.
执行功能（EF）越来越被认为是导致早产儿发育不良的原因。一些围产期因素可能导致婴儿期 EF 发育不良，并且在 8 个月大的婴儿中就可以识别出 EF 缺陷。一项前瞻性队列研究旨在研究中国早产儿的 EF，并研究早产儿 EF 与围产期母亲因素之间的关系。共有 88 名早产儿和 88 名足月产儿从出生到 8 个月（矫正年龄）进行随访。采用杯形任务和计划测试评估婴儿的 EF，采用贝利婴幼儿发育量表第三版（BSID-III）评估婴儿的认知（MDI）和运动能力（PDI）。与足月产儿相比，早产儿在所有 EF 测量中表现较差，包括工作记忆、抑制优势反应、抑制分心和计划，并且在控制 MDI 和 PDI 后，这些差异仍然存在。母亲在怀孕期间贫血和硒缺乏导致 EF 表现存在差异。然而，母亲在怀孕期间的抑郁、高血压和糖尿病与早产儿的 EF 缺陷无关。未来的研究应集中在预防怀孕期间贫血和硒缺乏，以及母亲在怀孕期间补充硒是否可以防止其后代的进一步恶化和不良后果的发展。
