Ghatak Arindam, Chaturvedi Palak, Weckwerth Wolfram
Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of ViennaVienna, Austria.
Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of ViennaVienna, Austria.
Front Plant Sci. 2017 Jun 2;8:757. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00757. eCollection 2017.
Sustainable crop production is the major challenge in the current global climate change scenario. Drought stress is one of the most critical abiotic factors which negatively impact crop productivity. In recent years, knowledge about molecular regulation has been generated to understand drought stress responses. For example, information obtained by transcriptome analysis has enhanced our knowledge and facilitated the identification of candidate genes which can be utilized for plant breeding. On the other hand, it becomes more and more evident that the translational and post-translational machinery plays a major role in stress adaptation, especially for immediate molecular processes during stress adaptation. Therefore, it is essential to measure protein levels and post-translational protein modifications to reveal information about stress inducible signal perception and transduction, translational activity and induced protein levels. This information cannot be revealed by genomic or transcriptomic analysis. Eventually, these processes will provide more direct insight into stress perception then genetic markers and might build a complementary basis for future marker-assisted selection of drought resistance. In this review, we survey the role of proteomic studies to illustrate their applications in crop stress adaptation analysis with respect to productivity. Cereal crops such as wheat, rice, maize, barley, sorghum and pearl millet are discussed in detail. We provide a comprehensive and comparative overview of all detected protein changes involved in drought stress in these crops and have summarized existing knowledge into a proposed scheme of drought response. Based on a recent proteome study of pearl millet under drought stress we compare our findings with wheat proteomes and another recent study which defined genetic marker in pearl millet.
在当前全球气候变化的背景下，可持续作物生产是一项重大挑战。干旱胁迫是最关键的非生物因素之一，对作物生产力产生负面影响。近年来，人们已积累了有关分子调控的知识，以了解干旱胁迫反应。例如，通过转录组分析获得的信息增进了我们的认识，并有助于鉴定可用于植物育种的候选基因。另一方面，越来越明显的是，翻译及翻译后机制在胁迫适应中发挥着主要作用，特别是在胁迫适应过程中的即时分子过程。因此，测量蛋白质水平和蛋白质翻译后修饰，以揭示有关胁迫诱导信号感知与转导、翻译活性及诱导蛋白水平的信息至关重要。这些信息无法通过基因组或转录组分析揭示。最终，这些过程将比遗传标记更直接地洞察胁迫感知，并可能为未来抗旱性的标记辅助选择建立补充基础。在本综述中，我们探讨蛋白质组学研究的作用，以说明其在作物胁迫适应分析中对生产力方面的应用。详细讨论了小麦、水稻、玉米、大麦、高粱和珍珠粟等谷类作物。我们全面比较概述了这些作物在干旱胁迫下所有检测到的蛋白质变化，并将现有知识总结成一个拟议的干旱反应方案。基于最近一项珍珠粟在干旱胁迫下的蛋白质组研究，我们将我们的研究结果与小麦蛋白质组以及另一项最近在珍珠粟中定义遗传标记的研究进行了比较。
