Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto , 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G8.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.
Chem Rev. 2017 Jun 28;117(12):8447-8480. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00024. Epub 2017 Jun 19.
Infectious diseases are a major global health issue. Diagnosis is a critical first step in effectively managing their spread. Paper-based microfluidic diagnostics first emerged in 2007 as a low-cost alternative to conventional laboratory testing, with the goal of improving accessibility to medical diagnostics in developing countries. In this review, we examine the advances in paper-based microfluidic diagnostics for medical diagnosis in the context of global health from 2007 to 2016. The theory of fluid transport in paper is first presented. The next section examines the strategies that have been employed to control fluid and analyte transport in paper-based assays. Tasks such as mixing, timing, and sequential fluid delivery have been achieved in paper and have enabled analytical capabilities comparable to those of conventional laboratory methods. The following section examines paper-based sample processing and analysis. The most impactful advancement here has been the translation of nucleic acid analysis to a paper-based format. Smartphone-based analysis is another exciting development with potential for wide dissemination. The last core section of the review highlights emerging health applications, such as male fertility testing and wearable diagnostics. We conclude the review with the future outlook, remaining challenges, and emerging opportunities.
传染病是一个全球性的主要健康问题。诊断是有效控制其传播的关键第一步。基于纸张的微流控诊断技术于 2007 年首次出现，作为传统实验室检测的低成本替代方法，旨在提高发展中国家医疗诊断的可及性。在这篇综述中，我们考察了 2007 年至 2016 年期间，基于纸张的微流控诊断在全球健康背景下用于医疗诊断的进展。首先介绍了纸张中流体输运的理论。下一节考察了用于控制基于纸张的分析中流体和分析物输运的策略。在纸张中已经实现了诸如混合、定时和顺序流体输送等任务，从而实现了与传统实验室方法相当的分析能力。接下来的一节考察了基于纸张的样品处理和分析。这里最具影响力的进展是将核酸分析转化为基于纸张的格式。基于智能手机的分析是另一个令人兴奋的发展，具有广泛传播的潜力。综述的最后一个核心部分强调了新兴的健康应用，如男性生育力测试和可穿戴诊断。我们以未来展望、剩余挑战和新兴机会结束综述。
