Baum Jamie I, Gaines Brianna L, Kubas Gabrielle C, Mitchell Charlayne F, Russell Sarah L
Department of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, United States.
Department of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, United States.
Appetite. 2017 Oct 1;117:67-73. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.06.009. Epub 2017 Jun 13.
Breakfast skipping is associated with increased risk of weight gain and obesity in young adults, possibly due to increased snacking later in the day. Recent research suggests that providing and animal versus a plant source of protein at breakfast can reduce snack intake later in the day. In addition, providing nutrition information via a nutrition label, front-of-pack information, or via text messaging has been shown to help individuals make healthier food choices. The objective of this study was to determine if educational nutrition messaging and protein source influenced snack intake 2 h following the breakfast meal. Participants (n = 33) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: educational nutrition messaging (EM; n = 16) or no messaging (NM; n = 17) group. The study was conducted using a randomized, cross-over design in which each participant received each of two breakfast beverages, whey protein- (WP) and pea protein (PP)- based. Appetite was assessed at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after each test breakfast using visual analog scales. Participants were then provided with a selection of healthy and unhealthy snacks for 60 min. There was no effect of protein source on appetite or snack intake. However, participants presented with EM had reduced snack intake over the snacking period compared to NM (P = 0.058) and, of the snacks consumed, the EM group consumed a higher percentage of healthy versus unhealthy snacks compared to NM (P < 0.0001), resulting in lower calorie intake. Taken together these data suggest that protein source, as part of a higher protein breakfast, does not affect appetite response or snack intake, but EM may help play a role in reducing snack intake between meals.
不吃早餐与年轻人体重增加和肥胖风险增加有关，这可能是由于当天晚些时候零食摄入量增加所致。最近的研究表明，早餐提供动物蛋白而非植物蛋白来源可以减少当天晚些时候的零食摄入量。此外，通过营养标签、包装正面信息或短信提供营养信息已被证明有助于个人做出更健康的食物选择。本研究的目的是确定教育性营养信息和蛋白质来源是否会影响早餐后2小时的零食摄入量。参与者（n = 33）被随机分为两组：教育性营养信息组（EM；n = 16）或无信息组（NM；n = 17）。该研究采用随机交叉设计进行，其中每位参与者都接受两种早餐饮料，即基于乳清蛋白（WP）和豌豆蛋白（PP）的饮料中的每一种。每次测试早餐后0、15、30、60、90和120分钟使用视觉模拟量表评估食欲。然后为参与者提供60分钟的健康和不健康零食选择。蛋白质来源对食欲或零食摄入量没有影响。然而，与无信息组相比，接受教育性营养信息的参与者在零食时间段内的零食摄入量减少（P = 0.058）；在摄入的零食中，与无信息组相比，教育性营养信息组摄入的健康零食与不健康零食的比例更高（P < 0.0001），从而导致卡路里摄入量更低。综合这些数据表明，作为高蛋白早餐一部分的蛋白质来源不会影响食欲反应或零食摄入量，但教育性营养信息可能有助于减少餐间零食摄入量。
