Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Research Service, V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, United States.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2017 Jun;44:228-235. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.05.003. Epub 2017 Jun 16.
Sleep homeostasis is a fundamental property of vigilance state regulation that is highly conserved across species. Neuronal systems and circuits that underlie sleep homeostasis are not well understood. In Drosophila, a neuronal circuit involving neurons in the ellipsoid body and in the dorsal Fan-shaped body is a candidate for both tracing sleep need during waking and translating it to increased sleep drive and expression. Sleep homeostasis in rats and mice involves multiple neuromodulators acting on multiple wake- and sleep-promoting neuronal systems. A functional central homeostat emerges from A receptor mediated actions of adenosine on wake-promoting neurons in the basal forebrain and hypothalamus, and A adenosine receptor-mediated actions on sleep-promoting neurons in the preoptic hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens.
睡眠稳态是警觉状态调节的基本特性，在物种间高度保守。睡眠稳态的神经机制和神经回路尚未完全清楚。在果蝇中，涉及到椭圆体神经元和背扇形体神经元的神经回路，既是在觉醒时追踪睡眠需求的候选者，也是将其转化为增加睡眠驱动力和表达的候选者。大鼠和小鼠的睡眠稳态涉及多种神经调质作用于多种促进觉醒和促进睡眠的神经元系统。一个功能性的中枢稳态由基底前脑和下丘脑的促醒神经元上的 A 受体介导的腺苷作用，以及下丘脑视前区和伏隔核的促眠神经元上的 A 腺苷受体介导的作用而产生。
