长非编码 RNA 的多样性及其产生。

The Diversity of Long Noncoding RNAs and Their Generation.

机构信息

State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.

Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China.

出版信息

Trends Genet. 2017 Aug;33(8):540-552. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2017.05.004. Epub 2017 Jun 16.

DOI:10.1016/j.tig.2017.05.004

PMID:28629949

Abstract

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as potential key regulators in gene expression networks and exhibit a surprising range of shapes and sizes. Several distinct classes of lncRNAs are transcribed from different DNA elements, including promoters, enhancers, and intergenic regions in eukaryotic genomes. Additionally, others are derived from long primary transcripts with noncanonical RNA processing pathways, generating new RNA species with unexpected formats. These lncRNAs can be processed by several mechanisms, including ribonuclease P (RNase P) cleavage to generate mature 3' ends, capping by small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)-protein (snoRNP) complexes at their ends, or the formation of circular structures. Here we review current knowledge on lncRNAs and highlight the most recent discoveries of the underlying mechanisms related to their formation.

摘要

长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA）作为基因表达网络中的潜在关键调控因子而出现，其形状和大小表现出惊人的多样性。几种不同类型的 lncRNA 是从真核基因组中的不同 DNA 元件转录而来的，包括启动子、增强子和基因间区域。此外，还有一些是从具有非典型 RNA 加工途径的长初级转录本中衍生而来的，产生具有意想不到格式的新 RNA 物种。这些 lncRNA 可以通过几种机制进行加工，包括核糖核酸酶 P（RNase P）切割以生成成熟的 3' 末端，在其末端由小核仁 RNA（snoRNA）-蛋白（snoRNP）复合物加帽，或形成环状结构。在这里，我们回顾了 lncRNA 的现有知识，并强调了与它们形成相关的基础机制的最新发现。