Rubajczyk Krystian, Świerzko Kamil, Rokita Andrzej
Department of Team Games Sport, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Poland.
J Sports Sci Med. 2017 Jun 1;16(2):280-285. eCollection 2017 Jun.
The aim of this study was to identify the relative age effect (RAE) in young Polish male (n = 3849) and female (n = 3419) basketball players aged 14 to 22 years competing in the elite games of the Polish Youth Championships. The distribution of birth dates, body height, players' match statistics, and the results of teams participating in championships were identified. The RAE was observed in male and female group, regardless of players age. Nevertheless, the greatest disproportion in the distribution of dates of birth was found in U16 group of boys (V = 0.25, p < 0.0001). Significant differences in body height were identified in U14 and U16 groups of boys (p < 0.0001) and U14 group of girls (p < 0.01). The RAE was the most detrimental in the group of boys from teams ranked 9th or lower (p < 0.0001). The groups of male and female basketball players from the top 3 teams had the highest average body height (p < 0.001). In U14 boys, significantly higher match results and performance index ratings (PIR) were observed for players born in the first half of a calendar year. The research results show the impact of the RAE on the success of youth basketball teams in Poland. The month of birth, body height and sex may determine sporting achievements in youth basketball. Coaches should consider the chronological age and pubertal growth acceleration (APHV-age at peak height velocity) of players to optimize the process of identifying gifted basketball players, especially among boys of 14 years of age.
本研究旨在确定年龄在14至22岁之间、参加波兰青年锦标赛精英赛的波兰年轻男性（n = 3849）和女性（n = 3419）篮球运动员中的相对年龄效应（RAE）。确定了出生日期分布、身高、球员比赛数据以及参加锦标赛的球队成绩。在男性和女性组中均观察到了RAE，与球员年龄无关。然而，出生日期分布中最大的不均衡出现在16岁以下男孩组（V = 0.25，p < 0.0001）。在14岁和16岁男孩组（p < 0.0001）以及14岁女孩组（p < 0.01）中发现了身高的显著差异。RAE对排名第9或更低的球队中的男孩组最为不利（p < 0.0001）。排名前三的球队中的男性和女性篮球运动员组平均身高最高（p < 0.001）。在14岁男孩中，观察到出生在日历年上半年的球员比赛成绩和表现指数评级（PIR）显著更高。研究结果表明RAE对波兰青年篮球队成功的影响。出生月份、身高和性别可能决定青年篮球运动中的竞技成绩。教练应考虑球员的实际年龄和青春期生长加速（PHV年龄 - 身高增长峰值年龄），以优化有天赋篮球运动员的识别过程，尤其是在14岁的男孩中。
