Kelly Adam L, Jiménez Sáiz Sergio Lorenzo, Lorenzo Calvo Alberto, de la Rubia Alfonso, Jackson Daniel T, Jeffreys Mark A, Ford Charlie, Owen Dave, Santos Sara Diana Leal Dos
Research Centre for Life and Sport Sciences (CLaSS), Department of Sport and Exercise, School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, West Midlands, UK.
Centre for Sport Studies, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Fuenlabrada, 28933 Madrid, Spain.
Sports (Basel). 2021 Jul 12;9(7):101. doi: 10.3390/sports9070101.
Relative age effects (RAEs) appear consistently prevalent throughout the youth basketball literature. However, the selection into and successful transition out of a national talent pathway in basketball is yet to be explored. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to explore the influence of relative age, gender, and playing time based on the selection into the Regional Talent Hubs and Basketball England youth teams (U16, U18, and U20) and the successful transition into the England National Senior Teams. Participants who were selected into the male ( = 450) and female ( = 314) Basketball England Talent Pathway were allocated into one of three cohorts: (a) Regional Talent Hubs (U12 to U15; = 183), (b) England National Youth Teams (U16, U18, and U20; = 537), and (c) England National Senior Teams ( = 44). A chi-square test was used to compare the birth quarter (BQ) distributions of each cohort against the expected distributions, with a Cramer's V (Vc) used to interpret effect sizes. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were also calculated to compare the likelihood of each BQ being represented. Males revealed significant RAEs across both the Regional Talent Hubs ( < 0.001, Vc > 0.29, OR = 10) and England National Youth Teams ( < 0.001, Vc > 0.17, OR = 3.1). In comparison, females only had significant RAEs in the Regional Talent Hubs ( < 0.001, Vc > 0.29, OR = 2.3). Despite RAEs being prevalent throughout youth levels, there were no significant differences in the BQ distribution based on playing time and those who made the successful transition to the England National Senior Teams. These findings demonstrate the potential mechanisms of RAEs in basketball, as well as the impetus to explore more equitable competition structures within the England Basketball Talent Pathway.
相对年龄效应（RAEs）在青少年篮球文献中一直普遍存在。然而，篮球项目中入选国家人才培养路径并成功从中过渡出来的情况尚未得到研究。因此，本研究的主要目的是探讨相对年龄、性别和比赛时间对入选地区人才中心和英格兰篮球青年队（U16、U18和U20）以及成功进入英格兰国家成年队的影响。入选英格兰篮球人才培养路径的男性（n = 450）和女性（n = 314）参与者被分为三个队列之一：（a）地区人才中心（U12至U15；n = 183），（b）英格兰国家青年队（U16、U18和U20；n = 537），以及（c）英格兰国家成年队（n = 44）。使用卡方检验将每个队列的出生季度（BQ）分布与预期分布进行比较，并用克莱默V系数（Vc）解释效应大小。还计算了优势比（OR）和95%置信区间，以比较每个BQ被代表的可能性。男性在地区人才中心（p < 0.001，Vc > 0.29，OR = 10）和英格兰国家青年队（p < 0.001，Vc > 0.17，OR = 3.1）中均显示出显著的RAEs。相比之下，女性仅在地区人才中心有显著的RAEs（p < 0.001，Vc > 0.29，OR = 2.3）。尽管RAEs在青少年各级别中普遍存在，但基于比赛时间和成功过渡到英格兰国家成年队的参与者的BQ分布没有显著差异。这些发现揭示了篮球中RAEs的潜在机制，以及探索英格兰篮球人才培养路径内更公平竞争结构的动力。
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