Shiraki Keiko, Murakami Kentaro, Okubo Hitomi, Livingstone M Barbara E, Kobayashi Satomi, Suga Hitomi, Sasaki Satoshi
Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, University of Shiga Prefecture, Shiga, Japan.
Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
J Nutr Sci. 2017 May 22;6:e22. doi: 10.1017/jns.2017.18. eCollection 2017.
Studies in many Western countries have consistently shown that monetary diet cost is positively associated with diet quality, but this may not necessarily be the case in Japan. This cross-sectional study examined the nutritional correlates of monetary diet cost among 3963 young (all 18 years old), 3800 middle-aged (mean age 48 years) and 2211 older (mean age 74 years) Japanese women. Dietary intakes were assessed using a comprehensive self-administered diet history questionnaire for young and middle-aged women and a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire for older women. Monetary diet cost was estimated using retail food prices. Total vegetables, fish and shellfish, green and black tea, white rice, meat, fruit and alcoholic beverages contributed most (79-89 %) to inter-individual variation in monetary diet cost. Multiple regression analyses showed that monetary diet cost was negatively associated with carbohydrate intake, but positively with intakes of all other nutrients examined (including not only dietary fibre and key vitamins and minerals but also saturated fat and Na) in all generations. For food group intakes, irrespective of age, monetary diet cost was associated inversely with white rice and bread but positively with pulses, potatoes, fruit, total vegetables, fruit and vegetable juice, green and black tea, fish and shellfish, and meat. In conclusion, in all three generations of Japanese women and contrary to Western populations, monetary diet cost was positively associated with not only healthy dietary components (including fruits, vegetables, fish and shellfish, dietary fibre, and key vitamins and minerals), but also less healthy components (including saturated fat and Na).
许多西方国家的研究一直表明，饮食花费与饮食质量呈正相关，但在日本情况未必如此。这项横断面研究调查了3963名年轻（均为18岁）、3800名中年（平均年龄48岁）和2211名老年（平均年龄74岁）日本女性饮食花费的营养相关因素。通过一份针对年轻和中年女性的综合自填式饮食史问卷以及一份针对老年女性的简短自填式饮食史问卷来评估饮食摄入量。饮食花费是根据零售食品价格估算的。蔬菜总量、鱼虾类、绿茶和红茶、白米、肉类、水果和酒精饮料对个体饮食花费差异的贡献率最高（79 - 89%）。多元回归分析表明，在所有年龄段中，饮食花费与碳水化合物摄入量呈负相关，但与所检测的所有其他营养素摄入量呈正相关（不仅包括膳食纤维、关键维生素和矿物质，还包括饱和脂肪和钠）。对于食物组摄入量，无论年龄大小，饮食花费与白米和面包呈负相关，与豆类、土豆、水果、蔬菜总量、果蔬汁、绿茶和红茶、鱼虾类以及肉类呈正相关。总之，在日本女性的三代人群中，与西方人群相反，饮食花费不仅与健康饮食成分（包括水果、蔬菜、鱼虾类、膳食纤维以及关键维生素和矿物质）呈正相关，还与不太健康的成分（包括饱和脂肪和钠）呈正相关。
