School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
School of Medicine, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Curr Nutr Rep. 2022 Dec;11(4):600-617. doi: 10.1007/s13668-022-00428-x. Epub 2022 Sep 9.
Poor diets are a leading risk factor for chronic disease globally. Research suggests healthy foods are often harder to access, more expensive, and of a lower quality in rural/remote or low-income/high minority areas. Food pricing studies are frequently undertaken to explore food affordability. We aimed to capture and summarise food environment costing methodologies used in both urban and rural settings.
Our systematic review of high-income countries between 2006 and 2021 found 100 relevant food pricing studies. Most were conducted in the USA (n = 47) and Australia (n = 24), predominantly in urban areas (n = 74) and cross-sectional in design (n = 76). All described a data collection methodology, with just over half (n = 57) using a named instrument. The main purpose for studies was to monitor food pricing, predominantly using the 'food basket', followed by the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for Stores (NEMS-S). Comparatively, the Healthy Diets Australian Standardised Affordability and Price (ASAP) instrument supplied data on relative affordability to household incomes. Future research would benefit from a universal instrument reflecting geographic and socio-cultural context and collecting longitudinal data to inform and evaluate initiatives targeting food affordability, availability, and accessibility.
目的综述：不良饮食是全球慢性病的主要危险因素之一。研究表明，在农村/偏远地区或低收入/少数民族地区，健康食品往往更难获得、更昂贵且质量更低。食品定价研究经常被用来探索食品的负担能力。我们旨在收集和总结城乡环境中使用的食品环境成本核算方法。
最新发现：我们对 2006 年至 2021 年间高收入国家的系统评价发现了 100 项相关食品定价研究。其中大多数在美国（n=47）和澳大利亚（n=24）进行，主要在城市地区（n=74）进行，且设计多为横断面设计（n=76）。所有研究都描述了一种数据收集方法，只有一半以上（n=57）使用了指定的工具。这些研究的主要目的是监测食品定价，主要使用“食品篮”，其次是商店营养环境测量工具（NEMS-S）。相比之下，澳大利亚健康饮食标准化负担能力和价格（ASAP）工具提供了与家庭收入相关的相对负担能力数据。未来的研究将受益于一个反映地理和社会文化背景并收集纵向数据的通用工具，以提供信息并评估针对食品负担能力、可获得性和可及性的举措。
