Sakai Hiroka, Murakami Kentaro, Kobayashi Satomi, Suga Hitomi, Sasaki Satoshi
1Department of Nutrition,School of Human Cultures,University of Shiga Prefecture,Shiga 522 8533,Japan.
2Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies,University of Tokyo,Tokyo 113 0033,Japan.
Br J Nutr. 2017 Jun;117(12):1674-1681. doi: 10.1017/S0007114517001581.
Only a few studies have focused on the association between overall diet, rather than intakes of individual nutrients or foods, and depressive symptoms in Japanese. This cross-sectional study examined associations between a diet quality score and depressive symptoms in 3963 young (age 18 years) and 3833 middle-aged (mean age 47·9 (sd 4·2) years) Japanese women. Dietary information was collected using a diet history questionnaire. A previously developed diet quality score was computed mainly based on the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 22·0 % for young women and 16·8 % for middle-aged women, assessed as a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) score ≥23 and ≥19, respectively. As expected, the diet quality score was associated positively with intakes of 'grain dishes', 'vegetable dishes', 'fish and meat dishes', 'milk' and 'fruits' and inversely with intakes of energy from 'snacks, confection and beverages' and Na from seasonings. After adjustment for potential confounders, OR for depressive symptoms in the highest v. lowest quintiles of the diet quality score was 0·65 (95 % CI 0·50, 0·84) in young women (P for trend=0·0005). In middle-aged women, the corresponding value was 0·59 (95 % CI 0·45, 0·78) (P for trend<0·0001). Analyses where the diet quality and CES-D scores were treated as continuous variables also showed inverse associations. In conclusion, this cross-sectional study showed that a higher diet quality score was associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms in young and middle-aged Japanese women. Prospective studies are needed to confirm a public health relevance of this finding.
仅有少数研究关注的是总体饮食（而非个别营养素或食物的摄入量）与日本人抑郁症状之间的关联。这项横断面研究调查了3963名年轻（18岁）和3833名中年（平均年龄47.9岁（标准差4.2岁））日本女性的饮食质量得分与抑郁症状之间的关联。使用饮食史问卷收集饮食信息。主要基于日本食品指南陀螺计算出一个先前制定的饮食质量得分。抑郁症状的患病率在年轻女性中为22.0%，在中年女性中为16.8%，分别以流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）得分≥23分和≥19分来评估。正如预期的那样，饮食质量得分与“谷物菜肴”“蔬菜菜肴”“鱼肉菜肴”“牛奶”和“水果”的摄入量呈正相关，与“零食、糖果和饮料”中的能量摄入量以及调味料中的钠摄入量呈负相关。在对潜在混杂因素进行调整后，年轻女性中饮食质量得分最高五分位数与最低五分位数相比，抑郁症状的比值比（OR）为0.65（95%置信区间0.50，0.84）（趋势P值 = 0.0005）。在中年女性中，相应的值为0.59（95%置信区间0.45，0.78）（趋势P值<0.0001）。将饮食质量得分和CES-D得分作为连续变量的分析也显示出负相关。总之，这项横断面研究表明，较高的饮食质量得分与年轻和中年日本女性中较低的抑郁症状患病率相关。需要进行前瞻性研究来证实这一发现对公共卫生的意义。
