Muscogiuri Giuseppe, Secinaro Aurelio, Ciliberti Paolo, Fuqua Megan, Nutting Arni
Departments of *Imaging ‡Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù-Children's Hospital IRCCS †Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza," Rome, Italy §Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
J Thorac Imaging. 2017 Jul;32(4):233-244. doi: 10.1097/RTI.0000000000000280.
The increasing number of patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) calls for the development of noninvasive imaging techniques that allow a long-term evaluation of native and postsurgical anatomy and function. Echocardiography remains the imaging modality of choice for congenital heart disease, but it is affected by limited acoustic windows and poor tissue characterization. Cardiac computed tomography and cardiac catheter angiography are 2 valid alternatives for the anatomic and functional assessment of ACHD; however, both use ionizing radiation, and cardiac catheter angiography requires an invasive approach. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), noninvasively and in the absence of ionizing radiation, has the ability to evaluate the biventricular function, quantify flows, characterize tissue, and provide information on cardiac anatomy. Despite the long acquisition time and lower spatial resolution compared with cardiac computed tomography, CMR represents the ideal technique for long-term follow-up of ACHD. CMR is now widely utilized and is well described in the literature with regard to diagnosis, identification of complications, timing of surgery, and postoperative prognosis in ACHD. CMR represents a fundamental technique for the evaluation of patients with ACHD.
成人先天性心脏病（ACHD）患者数量的不断增加，要求开发非侵入性成像技术，以便对先天性及术后的解剖结构和功能进行长期评估。超声心动图仍然是先天性心脏病首选的成像方式，但它受到声学窗口有限和组织特征描述不佳的影响。心脏计算机断层扫描和心脏导管血管造影是评估ACHD解剖结构和功能的两种有效替代方法；然而，两者都使用电离辐射，并且心脏导管血管造影需要侵入性操作。心脏磁共振成像（CMR）在无电离辐射的情况下具有非侵入性，能够评估双心室功能、量化血流、表征组织并提供心脏解剖结构信息。尽管与心脏计算机断层扫描相比，CMR采集时间长且空间分辨率较低，但它仍是ACHD长期随访的理想技术。目前CMR已被广泛应用，并且在ACHD的诊断、并发症识别、手术时机和术后预后等方面的文献中已有详细描述。CMR是评估ACHD患者的一项基础技术。
