Heide S, Lessig R, Hachmann V, Stiller D, Rönsch M, Stoevesandt D, Biolik A, Watzke S, Kellner J
Institute for Forensic Medicine, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Franzosenweg 1, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany.
Dorothea Erxleben Learning Centre, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
Int J Legal Med. 2018 Jan;132(1):311-319. doi: 10.1007/s00414-017-1630-6. Epub 2017 Jun 21.
An improvement in quality of medical external post-mortem examinations among others can be achieved by more intensive training of medical students. Modern learning and teaching methods such as e-learning modules and SkillsLab stations should be used for this. The introduction of corresponding methods of assessment such as the OSCE procedure is necessary to test the success of learning. In Halle (Germany), two OSCE stations on the subject of external post-mortem examinations were introduced in 2016. The 'practical external post-mortem examination' station test skills and abilities students have learned during practical external post-mortem examination in small group classes on a simulation doll. At the 'death certificate' station, an original death certificate must be filled in, testing the knowledge, skills and abilities learned in the SkillsLab station and during e-learning. A total of 148 students took part in the test. At both stations, at least two thirds of the students (69.5 and 81.7%) were able to show good or very good test results. In addition to the strengths, a detailed evaluation of the test results showed that there were still deficits in terms of the corresponding courses (e.g. inspection of the neck region in the small group classes), which will have to be remedied in the future. When analysing the test concept and the test implementation, objectivity was nearly perfect. There was a satisfactory internal consistency and stability over 8 months. Ultimately, in addition to several strengths (such as good understanding and transparency of the checklists) the evaluation of the examiners also showed further potential areas for improvement (e.g. harmonisation of the degree of difficulty for the individual rotations) when designing the OSCE stations. Overall, it was possible to determine that the OSCE testing format is a suitable tool to test external post-mortem examination skills and that conclusions about improvements in teaching can also be drawn from this.
通过对医学生进行更强化的培训等方式，可以提高医学外部尸检的质量。为此应采用现代学习和教学方法，如电子学习模块和技能实验室工作站。引入相应的评估方法，如客观结构化临床考试（OSCE）程序，对于检验学习成效是必要的。2016年在德国哈雷引入了两个关于外部尸检主题的OSCE站点。“实际外部尸检”站点测试学生在小组课程中通过模拟人偶进行实际外部尸检时所学的技能和能力。在“死亡证明”站点，必须填写一份原始死亡证明，以测试在技能实验室工作站和电子学习过程中所学的知识、技能和能力。共有148名学生参加了测试。在两个站点，至少三分之二的学生（69.5%和81.7%）能够取得良好或非常好的测试成绩。除了优点之外，对测试结果的详细评估表明，在相应课程方面仍存在不足（例如小组课程中对颈部区域的检查），未来必须加以改进。在分析测试概念和测试实施情况时，客观性几乎达到完美。在8个月的时间里，内部一致性和稳定性令人满意。最终，除了几个优点（如检查表的良好理解性和透明度）之外，考官的评估在设计OSCE站点时还显示出进一步的潜在改进领域（例如各个轮次难度的协调）。总体而言，可以确定OSCE测试形式是测试外部尸检技能的合适工具，并且也可以从中得出关于教学改进的结论。
