Zeanah Charles H, Smyke Anna T
Tulane University Health Sciences Center.
Infant Ment Health J. 2008 May;29(3):219-233. doi: 10.1002/imhj.20176.
Serious disturbances of attachment in young children have been increasingly studied in the past decade as they arise in atypical rearing environments. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on recent findings and to consider their implications. Research on children raised in institutions, children adopted out of institutions, and young children who have experienced neglect in families is considered. Reactive attachment disorder may be identified reliably in a minority of children being raised in severely neglectful environments. The emotionally withdrawn/inhibited pattern and the indiscriminately social/disinhibited pattern arise in similar conditions of risk, but respond differently to intervention and appear to have different correlates. Much has been learned about the emotionally withdrawn/inhibited pattern of reactive attachment disorder and the indiscriminately social/disinhibited pattern. Much less is known about so-called secure base distortions or relational disorders of attachment.
在过去十年中，幼儿依恋方面的严重障碍越来越受到研究，因为这些障碍出现在非典型的养育环境中。本综述的目的是提供最新研究结果并探讨其影响。文中考虑了对在机构中抚养长大的儿童、从机构收养的儿童以及在家庭中遭受忽视的幼儿的研究。在少数处于严重忽视环境中的儿童中，可能能够可靠地识别出反应性依恋障碍。情绪退缩/抑制型和不加区分的社交/去抑制型在类似的风险条件下出现，但对干预的反应不同，且似乎有不同的相关因素。关于反应性依恋障碍的情绪退缩/抑制型和不加区分的社交/去抑制型，我们已经了解了很多。而对于所谓的安全基地扭曲或依恋关系障碍，我们所知甚少。
