Smyke Anna T, Dumitrescu Alina, Zeanah Charles H
Institute of Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002 Aug;41(8):972-82. doi: 10.1097/00004583-200208000-00016.
To determine whether signs of disordered attachment were greater in young children being reared in more socially depriving caregiving environments.
Three groups of children were studied by means of structured interviews with caregivers that were administered over several months in Bucharest, Romania, in 1999: (1) 32 toddlers living in a typical unit (standard care) in a large institution in Bucharest; (2) 29 toddlers living in the same institution on a 'pilot unit" designed to reduce the number of adults caring for each child; and (3) 33 toddlers living at home who had never been institutionalized. The presence of attachment disorders and other behavioral problems was assessed by caregiver/ parent report.
Children on the typical unit (standard care) had significantly more signs of disordered attachment than children in the other two groups. Both the emotionally withdrawn and the indiscriminately social pattern of attachment disorder were apparent in these children, but cluster analysis suggested that mixed patterns are more typical.
The continuum of caretaking casualty is reflected by increasing signs of disordered attachment in toddlers living in more socially depriving environments.
确定在社会剥夺性更强的照料环境中抚养的幼儿是否有更明显的依恋紊乱迹象。
1999年在罗马尼亚布加勒斯特，通过对照料者进行为期数月的结构化访谈，对三组儿童进行了研究：（1）32名幼儿生活在布加勒斯特一家大型机构的典型单元（标准照料）中；（2）29名幼儿生活在同一机构的一个“试点单元”，该单元旨在减少照顾每个孩子的成人数量；（3）33名从未在机构生活过的在家抚养的幼儿。通过照料者/家长报告评估依恋障碍和其他行为问题的存在情况。
典型单元（标准照料）中的儿童比其他两组儿童有明显更多的依恋紊乱迹象。这些儿童中既有情感退缩型依恋障碍，也有不加区分的社交型依恋障碍，但聚类分析表明混合模式更为典型。
生活在社会剥夺性更强环境中的幼儿，其依恋紊乱迹象不断增加，反映出照料伤害的连续性。
