Oosterman Mirjam, Schuengel Carlo
VU University Amsterdam.
Infant Ment Health J. 2008 Nov;29(6):609-623. doi: 10.1002/imhj.20198.
This study focused on attachment of foster children by examining factors associated with attachment relationships of children raised from birth by the same parents. The sample included 61 children between 26 to 88 months of age and their foster caregivers. Attachment security and caregiver sensitivity were coded on the basis of, respectively, a home-observation (Attachment Q-Set) and a laboratory procedure (Three boxes). Other measures included caregiver reports of child externalizing and internalizing behavior problems and symptoms of attachment disorder, including inhibited and disinhibited attachment as well as secure base distortions. For a subsample of children, teacher ratings of behavior problems also were available. Foster parent sensitivity was positively associated with attachment security, but only if symptoms of disordered attachment were partialled out. Symptoms of inhibited and disinhibited attachment as well as secure base distortions were positively related to parent reports of externalizing and internalizing behavior problems whereas attachment security was negatively related to teacher reports of externalizing behavior problems. Attachment theoretical tenets appeared valid with foster parent-child relationships, except for children with symptoms of attachment disorder.
本研究通过考察与由同一对父母从出生抚养长大的孩子的依恋关系相关的因素，聚焦于寄养儿童的依恋问题。样本包括61名年龄在26至88个月之间的儿童及其寄养照顾者。依恋安全性和照顾者敏感性分别基于家庭观察（依恋Q分类法）和实验室程序（三个盒子）进行编码。其他测量指标包括照顾者报告的儿童外化和内化行为问题以及依恋障碍症状，包括抑制性和非抑制性依恋以及安全基地扭曲。对于一部分儿童子样本，还有教师对行为问题的评分。寄养父母的敏感性与依恋安全性呈正相关，但前提是排除紊乱依恋症状的影响。抑制性和非抑制性依恋症状以及安全基地扭曲与父母报告的外化和内化行为问题呈正相关，而依恋安全性与教师报告的外化行为问题呈负相关。依恋理论原则在寄养亲子关系中似乎是有效的，但有依恋障碍症状的儿童除外。
