Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2018 Mar 6;20(4):508-514. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntx142.
Waterpipe tobacco smoking has increased in prevalence worldwide, including among pregnant women. In this study, we investigated the effect of prenatal maternal waterpipe tobacco smoke (WTS) exposure during different stages of pregnancy on learning and memory of adult offspring rats.
Pregnant rats received either fresh air or mainstream WTS (2 hours daily) during early, mid, late, or whole gestational period. Male offspring rats were followed through 20 weeks. Outcomes included (1) spatial learning and memory using the radial arm water maze (RAWM), (2) levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus, and (3) oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances).
Relative to offspring whose mothers were exposed to fresh air, prenatal exposure to WTS at any stage of pregnancy resulted in short- and long-term memory impairment in adult offspring rats (p < .05). This impairment was associated with reduced levels of BDNF in hippocampus (p < .05). However, prenatal WTS did not affect the level of oxidative stress biomarkers in hippocampus. Prenatal WTS during late gestation increased the activity of catalase as compared to control.
Prenatal maternal WTS exposure can impair the memory of adult male offspring. These results support development of interventions that target pregnant women who smoke waterpipe during pregnancy.
We examined for the first time the effect of prenatal waterpipe tobacco smoke exposure on learning and memory of offspring. The results showed that in utero exposure to waterpipe tobacco smoke was associated with impaired memory and decreased brain derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampus of adult male offspring rats.
水烟烟草的使用在全球范围内有所增加，包括孕妇。在这项研究中，我们调查了妊娠不同阶段母体水烟烟草烟雾（WTS）暴露对成年子代大鼠学习和记忆的影响。
妊娠大鼠在妊娠早期、中期、晚期或整个孕期每天接受新鲜空气或主流 WTS（2 小时）。雄性子代大鼠在 20 周后进行随访。结果包括（1）使用放射臂水迷宫（RAWM）评估空间学习和记忆，（2）海马脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）水平，以及（3）氧化应激生物标志物（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和硫代巴比妥酸反应物质）。
与母亲暴露于新鲜空气的子代相比，妊娠期间任何阶段暴露于 WTS 都会导致成年子代大鼠的短期和长期记忆障碍（p<.05）。这种损害与海马体 BDNF 水平降低有关（p<.05）。然而，WTS 对海马体氧化应激生物标志物的水平没有影响。与对照组相比，妊娠晚期的 WTS 增加了过氧化氢酶的活性。
母体妊娠期间暴露于 WTS 会损害成年雄性子代的记忆。这些结果支持针对怀孕期间吸食水烟的孕妇开发干预措施。
我们首次研究了产前水烟烟草烟雾暴露对后代学习和记忆的影响。结果表明，子宫内暴露于水烟烟草烟雾与成年雄性子代大鼠海马体记忆障碍和脑源性神经营养因子减少有关。
