Griffin Greg Phillip, Sener Ipek Nese
Texas A&M Transportation Institute.
J Public Trans. 2016;19(4):126-143. doi: 10.5038/2375-0901.19.4.8.
Recent studies on transit service through an equity lens have captured broad trends from the literature and national-level data or analyzed disaggregate data at the local level. This study integrates these methods by employing a geostatistical analysis of new transit access and income data compilations from the Environmental Protection Agency. By using a national data set, this study demonstrates a method for income-based transit equity analysis and provides results spanning nine large auto-oriented cities in the US. Results demonstrate variability among cities' transit services to low-income populations, with differing results when viewed at the regional and local levels. Regional-level analysis of transit service hides significant variation through spatial averaging, whereas the new data employed in this study demonstrates a block-group scale equity analysis that can be used on a national-scale data set. The methods used can be adapted for evaluation of transit and other modes' transportation service in areas to evaluate equity at the regional level and at the neighborhood scale while controlling for spatial autocorrelation. Transit service equity planning can be enhanced by employing local Moran's I to improve local analysis.
近期从公平视角对公交服务的研究，梳理了文献和国家级数据中的总体趋势，或分析了地方层面的细分数据。本研究通过对美国环境保护局新的公交可达性和收入数据汇编进行地理统计分析，将这些方法结合起来。通过使用全国数据集，本研究展示了一种基于收入的公交公平性分析方法，并给出了美国九个大型以汽车为主导的城市的分析结果。结果表明，各城市针对低收入人群的公交服务存在差异，从区域和地方层面来看结果也有所不同。公交服务的区域层面分析通过空间平均掩盖了显著差异，而本研究中使用的新数据展示了一种可用于全国数据集的普查区尺度公平性分析。所采用的方法可适用于评估各地区公交及其他交通方式的运输服务，以便在控制空间自相关的同时，在区域层面和社区尺度上评估公平性。运用局部莫兰指数（Local Moran's I）改进局部分析，可提升公交服务公平性规划。
