Ghosh Arkasubhra, Nishtala Krishnatej
GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Narayana Health City, # 258/A, Bommasandra, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560 099, India.
Clin Transl Med. 2017 Dec;6(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s40169-017-0152-7. Epub 2017 Jun 20.
Lipidomics is the identification and quantitation of changes in the lipidome of a cell, tissue, organ or biofluid in health and disease using high resolution mass spectrometry. Lipidome of a particular organism has relevance to the disease manifestation as it reflects the metabolic changes which can be a consequence of the disease. Hence these changes in the molecules can be considered as potential markers for screening and early detection of the disease. Biological fluids as blood/serum/plasma, urine, saliva, tear and cerebrospinal fluid, due to their accessibility, offer ease of collection with minimal or no discomfort to the patient and provide a ready footprint of the metabolic changes occurring during disease. This review provides a brief introduction to lipidomics and its role in understanding the metabolic changes in health and disease followed by discussion on the chemical diversity of the lipid species and their biological role, mammalian lipids and their metabolism and role of lipids in pathogens and the immune response before dwelling further into importance of studying lipidome in various biological fluids. The challenges in performing a lipidomic analysis at the experimental and data analysis stages are discussed.
脂质组学是指利用高分辨率质谱技术，对健康和疾病状态下细胞、组织、器官或生物流体的脂质组变化进行鉴定和定量分析。特定生物体的脂质组与疾病表现相关，因为它反映了可能由疾病导致的代谢变化。因此，这些分子变化可被视为疾病筛查和早期检测的潜在标志物。血液/血清/血浆、尿液、唾液、泪液和脑脊液等生物流体，因其易于获取，采集时给患者带来的不适最小或几乎没有不适，并且能提供疾病发生期间代谢变化的现成踪迹。本综述简要介绍了脂质组学及其在理解健康和疾病中的代谢变化方面的作用，随后讨论了脂质种类的化学多样性及其生物学作用、哺乳动物脂质及其代谢、脂质在病原体和免疫反应中的作用，然后进一步探讨了在各种生物流体中研究脂质组的重要性。还讨论了在实验和数据分析阶段进行脂质组学分析所面临的挑战。
