Mitsui Nobuyuki, Nakai Yukiei, Inoue Takeshi, Udo Niki, Kitagawa Kan, Wakatsuki Yumi, Kameyama Rie, Toyomaki Atsuhito, Ito Yoichi M, Kitaichi Yuji, Nakagawa Shin, Kusumi Ichiro
Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.
Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
PLoS One. 2017 Jun 22;12(6):e0179952. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179952. eCollection 2017.
Suicide rates are vastly higher in Japan than in many other countries, although the associations between affective temperaments and suicide-related ideations in the general adult population remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate these associations in the present study.
We analyzed data from 638 Japanese volunteers who completed both the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A). Participants were then divided into three groups based on PHQ-9 summary scores and responses to the suicide-related ideation item: non-depressive control group (NC; N = 469), depressive symptoms without suicide-related ideations group (non-SI; N = 135), and depressive symptoms with suicide-related ideations group (SI; N = 34). The depressive symptoms were defined for PHQ-9 summary scores ≥5, and the suicide-related ideations were defined for PHQ-9 #9 score ≥1. We then compared TEMPS-A scores among the groups using Kruskal-Wallis tests. Then the 95% confidence intervals of differences in TEMPS-A subscale scores between the NC and non-SI groups, or between NC and SI groups, were calculated.
Participants of the SI group exhibited significantly higher scores on the depressive, irritable, and anxious temperament subscales than those of the non-SI group. Similarly, women of the SI group exhibited significantly higher scores of the depressive and irritable temperament subscales than women of the non-SI group, while men of the SI group exhibited significantly higher depressive temperament scores than those of the non-SI group. Among all participants and only men, cyclothymic subscale scores were higher in those of the SI group than the non-SI group (not significant), although the 95% confidence intervals did not overlap.
The cross-sectional study design was the main limitation.
Depressive, irritable, and anxious temperaments are significant risk factors for suicide-related ideations in the Japanese general adult population. Furthermore, irritable temperament in women and depressive temperament in men are associated with suicide-related ideations.
日本的自杀率远高于许多其他国家，尽管在一般成年人群中，情感气质与自杀相关意念之间的关联尚不清楚。因此，我们旨在本研究中阐明这些关联。
我们分析了638名日本志愿者的数据，这些志愿者同时完成了患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）和孟菲斯、比萨、巴黎和圣地亚哥自动问卷气质评估（TEMPS-A）。然后根据PHQ-9总分和对自杀相关意念项目的回答，将参与者分为三组：非抑郁对照组（NC；N = 469）、有抑郁症状但无自杀相关意念组（非SI；N = 135）和有抑郁症状且有自杀相关意念组（SI；N = 34）。PHQ-9总分≥5定义为有抑郁症状，PHQ-9第9项得分≥1定义为有自杀相关意念。然后我们使用Kruskal-Wallis检验比较各组之间的TEMPS-A得分。接着计算NC组与非SI组之间或NC组与SI组之间TEMPS-A子量表得分差异的95%置信区间。
SI组参与者在抑郁、易怒和焦虑气质子量表上的得分显著高于非SI组。同样，SI组女性在抑郁和易怒气质子量表上的得分显著高于非SI组女性，而SI组男性在抑郁气质子量表上的得分显著高于非SI组男性。在所有参与者中，仅在男性中，SI组的环性心境气质子量表得分高于非SI组（无显著性差异），尽管95%置信区间不重叠。
横断面研究设计是主要局限性。
抑郁、易怒和焦虑气质是日本一般成年人群中自杀相关意念的重要危险因素。此外，女性的易怒气质和男性的抑郁气质与自杀相关意念有关。
