Durnin J V, McKillop F M, Grant S, Fitzgerald G
Lancet. 1985 Oct 12;2(8459):823-5. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(85)90806-2.
In the course of a multinational study on energy requirements in pregnancy and lactation, the food intake of 67 pregnant women in Glasgow was measured by the use of the individual weighed inventory technique, for 3 or 5 consecutive days every 6 weeks (in 21 women), every 4 weeks (in 23 women), or every 2 weeks (in 23 women). Data were obtained in the pre-pregnant state in 12 women. Rises in energy intakes were small and gradual in the first 34 weeks of pregnancy, the mean being about 50 kcal (210 kJ)/day, but in the remaining weeks of pregnancy, intakes rose by about 150 kcal (630 kJ)/day. The total extra energy intake therefore represented less than 20 000 kcal (84 MJ), as opposed to theoretical estimates of requirements of 80 000 kcal (335 MJ). Energy-saving mechanisms may have resulted in reductions in physical activity, but this was not obvious in the study population. However, there was depression of basal metabolic rates in the first half of pregnancy, which could produce considerable energy savings.
在一项关于孕期和哺乳期能量需求的跨国研究过程中，采用个体称重记录技术，对格拉斯哥的67名孕妇的食物摄入量进行了测量，测量时间为每6周（21名女性）、每4周（23名女性）或每2周（23名女性）连续3天或5天。12名女性在孕前状态下获取了数据。孕期前34周能量摄入量的增加幅度较小且较为缓慢，平均每天约增加50千卡（210千焦），但在孕期剩余几周，摄入量每天增加约150千卡（630千焦）。因此，额外摄入的总能量不到20000千卡（84兆焦），而理论估计的需求量为80000千卡（335兆焦）。节能机制可能导致身体活动减少，但在研究人群中并不明显。然而，孕期前半段基础代谢率有所下降，这可能会节省大量能量。
