Nifant'ev Ilya, Ivchenko Pavel
A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory Str., Building 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 May 14;13(10):1580. doi: 10.3390/polym13101580.
In recent decades, biodiesel has been explored as a prospective comparable fuel to petroleum diesel for compression ignition engines. However, several drawbacks have limited the wide application of biodiesel as motor fuel, and the poor cold-flow property is one of the major problems. This problem is compounded by the diversity of the biodiesel characteristics arising from a variety of chemical compositions of biodiesel from different sources. Among the methods investigated to improve the cold-flow properties of biodiesel, the use of additives seems highly promising. Despite the significant number of publications, the potential of this method is still far from having been completely discovered or exploited. In the present review, we briefly describe the sources, chemical composition, and physico-chemical characteristics of the main types of biodiesel. Next, we discuss the examples of the use of different polymer additives for the improvement of the cold-flow characteristics of biodiesel and biodiesel/petroleum diesel blends. Additionally, we tried to assess the prospects of the polymer additives to enhance biodiesel performance. The main conclusion of this survey is that innovative and high-efficiency cold-flow improvers for biodiesel should be further developed.
近几十年来，生物柴油已被视作一种有望与石油柴油相媲美的压燃式发动机燃料。然而，一些缺点限制了生物柴油作为发动机燃料的广泛应用，其较差的低温流动性就是主要问题之一。不同来源的生物柴油具有多种化学组成，这导致生物柴油特性各异，使得该问题更加复杂。在研究的改善生物柴油低温流动性能的方法中，使用添加剂似乎很有前景。尽管有大量相关文献发表，但这种方法的潜力仍远未被完全发掘或利用。在本综述中，我们简要描述了主要类型生物柴油的来源、化学组成和物理化学特性。接下来，我们讨论使用不同聚合物添加剂改善生物柴油以及生物柴油/石油柴油混合燃料低温流动特性的实例。此外，我们试图评估聚合物添加剂提升生物柴油性能的前景。本次调研的主要结论是，应进一步开发创新型高效生物柴油低温流动改进剂。
