Nemoto Kae, Devitt Simon, Munro William J
National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2017 Aug 6;375(2099). doi: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0236.
Quantum information systems are expected to exhibit superiority compared with their classical counterparts. This superiority arises from the quantum coherences present in these quantum systems, which are obviously absent in classical ones. To exploit such quantum coherences, it is essential to control the phase information in the quantum state. The phase is analogue in nature, rather than binary. This makes quantum information technology fundamentally different from our classical digital information technology. In this paper, we analyse error sources and illustrate how these errors must be managed for the system to achieve the required fidelity and a quantum superiority.This article is part of the themed issue 'Quantum technology for the 21st century'.
量子信息系统有望展现出相较于其经典对应物的优越性。这种优越性源于这些量子系统中存在的量子相干性，而经典系统中显然不存在这种相干性。为了利用这种量子相干性，控制量子态中的相位信息至关重要。相位本质上是类似物，而非二进制的。这使得量子信息技术从根本上不同于我们的经典数字信息技术。在本文中，我们分析了误差源，并说明了为使系统达到所需的保真度和量子优越性，必须如何管理这些误差。本文是“21世纪量子技术”主题特刊的一部分。
