Binhi Vladimir N, Prato Frank S
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia.
M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
PLoS One. 2017 Jun 27;12(6):e0179340. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179340. eCollection 2017.
During interplanetary flights in the near future, a human organism will be exposed to prolonged periods of a hypomagnetic field that is 10,000 times weaker than that of Earth's. Attenuation of the geomagnetic field occurs in buildings with steel walls and in buildings with steel reinforcement. It cannot be ruled out also that a zero magnetic field might be interesting in biomedical studies and therapy. Further research in the area of hypomagnetic field effects, as shown in this article, is capable of shedding light on a fundamental problem in biophysics-the problem of primary magnetoreception. This review contains, currently, the most extensive bibliography on the biological effects of hypomagnetic field. This includes both a review of known experimental results and the putative mechanisms of magnetoreception and their explanatory power with respect to the hypomagnetic field effects. We show that the measured correlations of the HMF effect with HMF magnitude and inhomogeneity and type and duration of exposure are statistically absent. This suggests that there is no general biophysical MF target similar for different organisms. This also suggests that magnetoreception is not necessarily associated with evolutionary developed specific magnetoreceptors in migrating animals and magnetotactic bacteria. Independently, there is nonspecific magnetoreception that is common for all organisms, manifests itself in very different biological observables as mostly random reactions, and is a result of MF interaction with magnetic moments at a physical level-moments that are present everywhere in macromolecules and proteins and can sometimes transfer the magnetic signal at the level of downstream biochemical events. The corresponding universal mechanism of magnetoreception that has been given further theoretical analysis allows one to determine the parameters of magnetic moments involved in magnetoreception-their gyromagnetic ratio and thermal relaxation time-and so to better understand the nature of MF targets in organisms.
在不久的将来进行行星际飞行期间，人体将暴露于比地球磁场弱10000倍的低强度磁场中较长时间。在有钢墙的建筑物和有钢筋的建筑物中，地磁场会减弱。在生物医学研究和治疗中，零磁场也可能具有吸引力，这一点也不能排除。如本文所示，对低强度磁场效应领域的进一步研究能够阐明生物物理学中的一个基本问题——初级磁感受问题。这篇综述目前包含了关于低强度磁场生物效应最广泛的参考文献。这既包括对已知实验结果的综述，也包括磁感受的假定机制及其对低强度磁场效应的解释力。我们表明，低强度磁场效应与低强度磁场强度、不均匀性、暴露类型和持续时间之间的测量相关性在统计学上并不存在。这表明不同生物体不存在类似的一般生物物理磁场靶点。这也表明，磁感受不一定与迁徙动物和趋磁细菌中进化形成的特定磁感受器相关。独立地，存在一种所有生物体共有的非特异性磁感受，它在非常不同的生物观测结果中表现为大多是随机反应，并且是磁场与物理层面磁矩相互作用的结果——这些磁矩存在于大分子和蛋白质中无处不在，有时可以在下游生化事件层面传递磁信号。经过进一步理论分析的相应通用磁感受机制能够确定参与磁感受的磁矩参数——它们的旋磁比和热弛豫时间——从而更好地理解生物体中磁场靶点的性质。
