Cler Gabriel J, Lee Jackson C, Mittelman Talia, Stepp Cara E, Bohland Jason W
Graduate Program for Neuroscience-Computational Neuroscience, Boston University, MADepartment of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, MA.
Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, MA.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2017 Jun 22;60(6S):1695-1711. doi: 10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-16-0234.
Delayed auditory feedback (DAF) causes speakers to become disfluent and make phonological errors. Methods for assessing the kinematics of speech errors are lacking, with most DAF studies relying on auditory perceptual analyses, which may be problematic, as errors judged to be categorical may actually represent blends of sounds or articulatory errors.
Eight typical speakers produced nonsense syllable sequences under normal and DAF (200 ms). Lip and tongue kinematics were captured with electromagnetic articulography. Time-locked acoustic recordings were transcribed, and the kinematics of utterances with and without perceived errors were analyzed with existing and novel quantitative methods.
New multivariate measures showed that for 5 participants, kinematic variability for productions perceived to be error free was significantly increased under delay; these results were validated by using the spatiotemporal index measure. Analysis of error trials revealed both typical productions of a nontarget syllable and productions with articulatory kinematics that incorporated aspects of both the target and the perceived utterance.
This study is among the first to characterize articulatory changes under DAF and provides evidence for different classes of speech errors, which may not be perceptually salient. New methods were developed that may aid visualization and analysis of large kinematic data sets.
延迟听觉反馈（DAF）会导致说话者变得不流畅并出现语音错误。目前缺乏评估语音错误运动学的方法，大多数DAF研究依赖于听觉感知分析，这可能存在问题，因为被判断为分类性的错误实际上可能代表声音的混合或发音错误。
八名典型的说话者在正常和DAF（200毫秒）条件下生成无意义音节序列。使用电磁关节造影术记录嘴唇和舌头的运动学。对与时间锁定的声学记录进行转录，并使用现有的和新颖的定量方法分析有无感知错误的话语的运动学。
新的多变量测量表明，对于5名参与者，在延迟条件下，被认为无错误的发音的运动学变异性显著增加；这些结果通过使用时空指数测量得到了验证。对错误试验的分析揭示了非目标音节的典型发音以及具有结合了目标和感知话语各方面的发音运动学的发音。
本研究是首批描述DAF下发音变化的研究之一，并为不同类型的语音错误提供了证据，这些错误可能在感知上并不明显。开发了新的方法，可能有助于对大型运动学数据集进行可视化和分析。
