Kim Yuho, Triolo Matthew, Hood David A
Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3.
School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:3165396. doi: 10.1155/2017/3165396. Epub 2017 Jun 1.
Mitochondria are characterized by its pivotal roles in managing energy production, reactive oxygen species, and calcium, whose aging-related structural and functional deteriorations are observed in aging muscle. Although it is still unclear how aging alters mitochondrial quality and quantity in skeletal muscle, dysregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamic controls has been suggested as key players for that. In this paper, we summarize current understandings on how aging regulates muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, while focusing on transcriptional regulations including PGC-1, AMPK, p53, mtDNA, and Tfam. Further, we review current findings on the muscle mitochondrial dynamic systems in aging muscle: fusion/fission, autophagy/mitophagy, and protein import. Next, we also discuss how endurance and resistance exercises impact on the mitochondrial quality controls in aging muscle, suggesting possible effective exercise strategies to improve/maintain mitochondrial health.
线粒体的特点是在能量产生、活性氧和钙的管理中发挥关键作用，在衰老的肌肉中可观察到与衰老相关的线粒体结构和功能退化。尽管目前尚不清楚衰老如何改变骨骼肌中线粒体的质量和数量，但线粒体生物发生和动态控制的失调被认为是其中的关键因素。在本文中，我们总结了目前关于衰老如何调节肌肉线粒体生物发生的认识，同时重点关注包括PGC-1、AMPK、p53、线粒体DNA和线粒体转录因子A在内的转录调控。此外，我们回顾了目前关于衰老肌肉中线粒体动态系统的研究结果：融合/分裂、自噬/线粒体自噬和蛋白质导入。接下来，我们还讨论了耐力和阻力训练如何影响衰老肌肉中的线粒体质量控制，提出了可能有效的运动策略以改善/维持线粒体健康。
