Behrmann Marlene, Plaut David C, Nelson James
Cogn Neuropsychol. 1998 Mar 1;15(1-2):7-51. doi: 10.1080/026432998381212.
We present a theoretical account of letter-by-letter reading (LBL) that reconciles discrepant findings associated with this form of acquired dyslexia. We claim that LBL reading is caused by a deficit that affects the normal activation of the orthographic representation of the stimulus. In spite of this lower-level deficit, the degraded orthographic information may be processed further, and lexical, semantic, and higher-order orthographic information may still influence the reading patterns ofthese patients.In supportof our position, w e present a review of 57 published cases of LBL reading in w hich w e demonstrate that a peripheral deficit was evident in almost all of the patients and that, simultaneously, strong effects oflexical/ semantic variables were observed on reading performance. We then go on to report findings from an empirical analysis of seven LBL readers in whom w e document the joint effects of lexical variables (word frequency and im ageability) and word length on naming latency. We argue that the reading perform ance of these patients reflects the residual functioning of the same interactive system that supported normal reading premorbidly.
我们提出了一种逐字母阅读（LBL）的理论解释，该解释调和了与这种获得性阅读障碍形式相关的矛盾发现。我们认为，逐字母阅读是由一种缺陷导致的，这种缺陷会影响刺激的正字法表征的正常激活。尽管存在这种较低层次的缺陷，但退化的正字法信息可能会得到进一步处理，词汇、语义和更高层次的正字法信息可能仍会影响这些患者的阅读模式。为支持我们的观点，我们对57例已发表的逐字母阅读病例进行了综述，我们证明几乎所有患者都存在明显的外周缺陷，同时，观察到词汇/语义变量对阅读表现有强烈影响。然后，我们继续报告对7名逐字母阅读者进行实证分析的结果，在这些分析中，我们记录了词汇变量（单词频率和可想象性）和单词长度对命名潜伏期的联合影响。我们认为，这些患者的阅读表现反映了病前支持正常阅读的同一交互系统的残余功能。
