Park Si Hong, Kim Sun Ae, Lee Sang In, Rubinelli Peter M, Roto Stephanie M, Pavlidis Hilary O, McIntyre Donald R, Ricke Steven C
Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, FayettevilleAR, United States.
Diamond V, Cedar RapidsIA, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2017 Jun 13;8:1070. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01070. eCollection 2017.
Feed supplements are utilized in the poultry industry as a means for improving growth performance and reducing pathogens. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Diamond V Original XPC (XPC, a fermented product generated from yeast cultures) on Typhimurium ST 97 along with its potential for modulation of the cecal microbiota by using an anaerobic mixed culture assay. Cecal slurries obtained from three broiler chickens at each of three sampling ages (14, 28, and 42 days) were generated and exposed to a 24 h pre-incubation period with the various treatments: XPC (1% XPC, ceca, and feeds), CO (ceca only), and NC (negative control) group consisting of ceca and feeds. The XPC, CO, and NC were each challenged with Typhimurium and subsequently plated on selective media at 0, 24, and 48 h. Plating results indicated that the XPC treatment significantly reduced the survival of Typhimurium at the 24 h plating time point for both the 28 and 42 days bird sampling ages, while Typhimurium reduction in the NC appeared to eventually reach the same population survival level at the 48 h plating time point. For microbiome analysis, Trial 1 revealed that XPC, CO, and NC groups exhibited a similar pattern of taxa summary. However, more Bacteroidetes were observed in the CO group at 24 and 48 h. There were no significant differences ( > 0.05) in alpha diversity among samples based on day, hour and treatment. For beta diversity analysis, a pattern shift was observed when samples clustered according to sampling hour. In Trial 2, both XPC and NC groups exhibited the highest Firmicutes level at 0 h but the Bacteroidetes group became dominant at 6 h. Complexity of alpha diversity was increased in the initial contents from older birds and became less complex after 6 h of incubation. Beta diversity analysis was clustered as a function of treatment NC and XPC groups and by individual hours including 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. Overall, addition of XPC influenced microbiome diversity in a similar fashion to the profile of the NC group.
饲料添加剂在禽类养殖业中被用作提高生长性能和减少病原体的手段。本研究的目的是通过厌氧混合培养试验，评估钻石V原始XPC（XPC，一种由酵母培养物产生的发酵产品）对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌ST 97的影响及其对盲肠微生物群的调节潜力。从三个采样年龄（14、28和42天）的每只三只肉鸡中获取盲肠内容物，并在不同处理下进行24小时预培养：XPC组（1% XPC、盲肠内容物和饲料）、CO组（仅盲肠内容物）和NC组（阴性对照，由盲肠内容物和饲料组成）。XPC组、CO组和NC组均用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌进行挑战，随后在0、24和48小时接种于选择性培养基上。接种结果表明，在28天和42天的鸡采样年龄，XPC处理在24小时接种时间点显著降低了鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的存活率，而NC组中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的减少在48小时接种时间点最终似乎达到了相同的种群存活水平。对于微生物组分析，试验1显示XPC组、CO组和NC组呈现出相似的分类群总结模式。然而，在24小时和48小时时，CO组中观察到更多的拟杆菌。基于日、小时和处理的样本间α多样性无显著差异（>0.05）。对于β多样性分析，当样本按采样小时聚类时观察到模式转变。在试验2中，XPC组和NC组在0小时时均表现出最高的厚壁菌门水平，但拟杆菌门在6小时时占主导地位。老龄鸡初始内容物的α多样性复杂性增加，培养6小时后变得不那么复杂。β多样性分析按处理NC组和XPC组以及包括6、12、24和48小时在内的各个小时进行聚类。总体而言，添加XPC对微生物组多样性的影响与NC组的情况类似。
