Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology,University of Santiago de Compostela,Rúa Xosé María Suárez Núñez,s/n. Campus Vida,Santiago de Compostela,ES 15782,Spain.
Matia Instituto Gerontológico - INGEMA,Camino de los Pinos,n° 27 bajo,San Sebastián,ES 20009,Spain.
Int Psychogeriatr. 2017 Oct;29(10):1669-1680. doi: 10.1017/S1041610217001144. Epub 2017 Jun 29.
Cognitive performance is not easily predicted, since different variables play an important role in the manifestation of age-related declines. The objective of this study is to analyze the predictors of cognitive performance in a Spanish sample over 50 years from a multidimensional perspective, including socioeconomic, affective, and physical variables. Some of them are well-known predictors of cognition and others are emergent variables in the study of cognition.
The total sample, drawn from the "Longitudinal Study Aging in Spain (ELES)" project, consisted of 832 individuals without signs of cognitive impairment. Cognitive function was measured with tests evaluating episodic and working memory, visuomotor speed, fluency, and naming. Thirteen independent variables were selected as predictors belonging to socioeconomic, emotional, and physical execution areas. Multiple linear regressions, following the enter method, were calculated for each age group in order to study the influence of these variables in cognitive performance.
Education is the variable which best predicts cognitive performance in the 50-59, 60-69, and 70-79 years old groups. In the 80+ group, the best predictor is objective economic status and education does not enter in the model.
Age-related decline can be modified by the influence of educational and socioeconomic variables. In this context, it is relevant to take into account how easy is to modify certain variables, compared to others which depend on each person's life course.
认知表现不容易预测，因为不同的变量在表现与年龄相关的衰退方面起着重要作用。本研究的目的是从多维角度分析西班牙 50 岁以上人群认知表现的预测因素，包括社会经济、情感和身体变量。其中一些是认知的已知预测因素，而另一些则是认知研究中的新兴变量。
总样本来自“西班牙老龄化纵向研究（ELES）”项目，包括 832 名没有认知障碍迹象的个体。认知功能通过评估情景记忆和工作记忆、视动速度、流畅性和命名的测试来衡量。选择了 13 个独立变量作为属于社会经济、情感和身体执行领域的预测因素。为了研究这些变量对认知表现的影响，采用进入法对每个年龄组进行了多元线性回归分析。
在 50-59、60-69 和 70-79 岁年龄组中，教育是预测认知表现的最佳变量。在 80 岁以上的年龄组中，最佳预测因素是客观经济状况，而教育则未进入模型。
认知能力随年龄的衰退可以通过教育和社会经济变量的影响来改变。在这种情况下，需要考虑到某些变量的可修改性，而这些变量与每个人的生活轨迹有关。
