Gudjonsdottir Gudborg Audur, Thordardottir Anna Maria, Kristinsson Jakob
Laeknabladid. 2017 Jun;103(6):275-280. doi: 10.17992/lbl.2017.06.140.
The purpose of the study was to assess the incidence and type of toxic exposures presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) at Landspitali University Hospital in Iceland over one year and compare the results to another study performed eleven years before.
The study was prospective and included all visits due to acute poisoning to the ED between January 1, and December 31, 2012.
A total of 977 toxic exposures were documented. Females were 554 (57%) and males 423 (43%). The age range was from 2 months to 96 years old. More than half of the patients were under 30 years old. The majority of exposures occurred in private homes and ingestion was the most common route of exposure. Deliberate poisonings accounted for 66% of all the poisonings and 76% had drugs and/or alcohol as their main cause. Exposures to chemicals other than drugs were usually unintentional and 31% of them were occupational exposures. 80% of patients received treatment and were discharged from the ED, 20% were admitted to other departments, thereof 21% to ICU. Two patients died (0.2%).
A slight but statistically unsignificant increase in incidence was observed. Females outnumbered males. Self-poisonings by ingestion of drugs and/or alcohol accounted for the majority of cases. The age range was wide, but the incidence was higher with young people. Mortality was low. Key words: toxicology, acute poisoning, epidemiology, self-poisoning. Correspondence: Gudborg Audur Gudjonsdottir, gudborgg@gmail.com.
本研究旨在评估冰岛兰斯皮塔利大学医院急诊科一年内有毒物质暴露的发生率及类型，并将结果与11年前进行的另一项研究进行比较。
本研究为前瞻性研究，纳入了2012年1月1日至12月31日期间因急性中毒到急诊科就诊的所有患者。
共记录了977例有毒物质暴露事件。女性554例（57%），男性423例（43%）。年龄范围为2个月至96岁。超过一半的患者年龄在30岁以下。大多数暴露事件发生在私人住宅，摄入是最常见的暴露途径。蓄意中毒占所有中毒事件的66%，其中76%以药物和/或酒精为主要原因。药物以外的化学物质暴露通常是无意的，其中31%为职业暴露。80%的患者接受治疗后从急诊科出院，20%被收治到其他科室，其中21%进入重症监护病房。两名患者死亡（0.2%）。
观察到发生率有轻微但无统计学意义的上升。女性人数多于男性。药物和/或酒精摄入导致的自我中毒占大多数病例。年龄范围广泛，但年轻人的发生率较高。死亡率较低。关键词：毒理学、急性中毒、流行病学、自我中毒。通信作者：古德伯格·奥杜尔·古德容斯多蒂尔，gudborgg@gmail.com
