Urrutia-Goyes Ricardo, Argyraki Ariadne, Ornelas-Soto Nancy
Departamento de Ciencias de la Energía y Mecánica, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumiñahui s/n, P.O. Box 171-5-231B, Sangolqui 171103, Ecuador.
Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Ambiental, Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Jun 30;14(7):698. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14070698.
Soil contamination is a persistent problem in the world. The redevelopment of a site with a historical deposition of metals might conceal the threat of remaining pollution, especially when the site has become a public place. In this study, human health risk assessment is performed after defining the concentrations of Pb, Ni, and Zn in the topsoil of a former shooting range rehabilitated into a public park in the Municipality of Kesariani (Athens, Greece). A methodology that uses inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, 13 samples), another that uses portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) following a dense sample design (91 samples), and a hybrid approach that combines both, were used to obtain the concentrations of the trace elements. The enrichment factor and geoacummulation index were calculated to define the degree of pollution of the site. The hazard quotient and cancer risk indicators were also computed to find the risk to which the population is exposed. The present study reveals high non-carcinogenic health risk due to Pb pollution with ingestion as the main exposure pathway. The carcinogenic risk for Pb is within tolerable limits, but the definition of land use might alter such a statement. Lastly, regarding Ni and Zn, the site is unpolluted and there is insignificant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks.
土壤污染是全球一个长期存在的问题。对有金属历史沉积的场地进行再开发可能会掩盖残留污染的威胁，尤其是当该场地已成为公共场所时。在本研究中，对希腊雅典凯萨里亚尼市一个由射击场改造而成的公共公园表土中的铅（Pb）、镍（Ni）和锌（Zn）浓度进行测定后，开展了人体健康风险评估。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS，13个样本）、遵循密集样本设计的便携式X射线荧光法（XRF，91个样本）以及将两者结合的混合方法来获取微量元素的浓度。计算了富集因子和地累积指数以确定场地的污染程度。还计算了危害商和癌症风险指标以找出人群所面临的风险。本研究表明，由于铅污染，通过摄入这一主要暴露途径存在较高的非致癌健康风险。铅的致癌风险在可容忍限度内，但土地用途的定义可能会改变这一说法。最后，就镍和锌而言，该场地未受污染，致癌和非致癌风险均不显著。
