Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Cell Physiol. 2018 Apr;233(4):3037-3047. doi: 10.1002/jcp.26077. Epub 2017 Aug 17.
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a vesicating agent that has been employed as a chemical warfare agent. High-dose exposure to sulfur mustard may lead to the damage of rapidly proliferating cells of bone marrow and, therefore, suppression of the immune system. This may be continued as dysfunction of the immune system, and ultimately result in secondary immune disorders. Studies have suggested a role for T cells in SM-induced lung injury. Moreover, observations from animal studies indicate a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response after skin exposure to SM, providing an understanding that SM can stimulate specific T cell-mediated immune responses. On the other hand, T helper (Th) 17 cells, which are a subset of CD4+ T cells, have recently been reported to be involved in a number of inflammatory, autoimmune, and chronic fibrotic lung diseases. Furthermore, a strong association has been established between the overproduction of profibrotic cytokines like transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and Th17 cell number. In this review, we aimed to go through the new findings about the involvement and interactions of TGF-β and Th17 in SM-related injuries.
芥子气（SM）是一种糜烂性毒剂，曾被用作化学战剂。高剂量接触芥子气可能导致骨髓中快速增殖细胞的损伤，从而抑制免疫系统。这可能会持续存在，导致免疫系统功能障碍，并最终导致继发性免疫紊乱。研究表明 T 细胞在 SM 诱导的肺损伤中起作用。此外，动物研究的观察结果表明，皮肤接触 SM 后会出现迟发型超敏反应（DTH），这表明 SM 可以刺激特定的 T 细胞介导的免疫反应。另一方面，辅助性 T 细胞（Th）17 细胞是 CD4+T 细胞的一个亚群，最近有报道称其参与了多种炎症、自身免疫和慢性纤维化肺部疾病。此外，已经确定了促纤维化细胞因子如转化生长因子（TGF）-β的过度产生与 Th17 细胞数量之间存在很强的关联。在这篇综述中，我们旨在探讨 TGF-β和 Th17 在 SM 相关损伤中的作用及其相互作用的新发现。
