Connolly Alison, Jones Kate, Galea Karen S, Basinas Ioannis, Kenny Laura, McGowan Padraic, Coggins Marie
Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 CF50, Ireland.
Health and Safety Executive (HSE), Harpur Hill, Buxton, SK17 9JN, UK.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2017 Aug;220(6):1064-1073. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.06.008. Epub 2017 Jun 27.
Pesticides and their potential adverse health effects are of great concern and there is a dearth of knowledge regarding occupational exposure to pesticides among amenity horticulturalists.
This study aims to measure occupational exposures to amenity horticuturalists using pesticides containing the active ingredients, glyphosate and fluroxypyr by urinary biomonitoring.
A total of 40 work tasks involving glyphosate and fluroxypyr were surveyed over the period of June - October 2015. Workers used a variety of pesticide application methods; manual knapsack sprayers, controlled droplet applicators, pressurised lance applicators and boom sprayers. Pesticide concentrations were measured in urine samples collected pre and post work tasks using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Differences in pesticide urinary concentrations pre and post work task, and across applications methods were analysed using paired t-tests and linear regression.
Pesticide urinary concentrations were higher than those reported for environmental exposures and comparable to those reported in some agricultural studies. Log-transformed pesticide concentrations were statistically significantly higher in post-work samples compared to those in pre-work samples (paired t-test, p<0.001; for both μgL and μmol/mol creatinine). Urinary pesticide concentrations in post-work samples had a geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) of 0.66 (1.11) μgL for glyphosate and 0.29 (1.69) μgL for fluroxypyr. Linear regression revealed a statistically significant positive association to exist between the time-interval between samples and the log-transformed adjusted (i.e. post- minus pre-task) pesticide urinary concentrations (β=0.0039; p<0.0001).
Amenity horticulturists can be exposed to pesticides during tasks involving these products. Further research is required to evaluate routes of exposure among this occupational group.
农药及其潜在的健康不良影响备受关注，而关于园林园艺工作者职业接触农药的知识却很匮乏。
本研究旨在通过尿生物监测来测定园林园艺工作者对含有草甘膦和氟草烟活性成分农药的职业接触情况。
在2015年6月至10月期间，共调查了40项涉及草甘膦和氟草烟的工作任务。工人们使用了多种农药施用方法，包括手动背负式喷雾器、可控滴头喷雾器、加压喷枪喷雾器和喷杆喷雾器。使用液相色谱串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）测定工作任务前后采集的尿液样本中的农药浓度。采用配对t检验和线性回归分析工作任务前后以及不同施用方法下农药尿浓度的差异。
农药尿浓度高于环境接触报告中的浓度，与一些农业研究报告中的浓度相当。与工作前样本相比，工作后样本中经对数转换的农药浓度在统计学上显著更高（配对t检验，p<0.001；对于μg/L和μmol/mol肌酐均如此）。工作后样本中草甘膦的尿农药浓度几何均值（几何标准差）为0.66（1.11）μg/L，氟草烟为0.29（1.69）μg/L。线性回归显示，样本间的时间间隔与经对数转换的调整后（即工作后减去工作前）农药尿浓度之间存在统计学上显著的正相关（β=0.0039；p<0.0001）。
园林园艺工作者在涉及这些产品的任务中可能接触到农药。需要进一步研究来评估该职业群体的接触途径。
