Rodrigues Angela M, Sniehotta Falko F, Birch-Machin Mark A, Araujo-Soares Vera
Institute of Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Health Psychol Behav Med. 2017 Jun 5;5(1):276-298. doi: 10.1080/21642850.2017.1335205. eCollection 2017.
This article presents an exploratory study, aiming to explore the correspondence between knowledge, motivation and sun-protection practices during holidays. Seventeen participants aged 21-62 years old, recruited from community settings took part in individual face-to-face semi-structured interviews, completed sun sensitivity questions and an objective assessment of sunscreen use. Holidaymakers' knowledge about sun-safe messages, intentions and perceptions of barriers and facilitators for sun-protection were assessed. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis and integrated with quantitative data, using a pragmatic theory-informed approach to synthesise the findings. Participants were well informed about sun-safe messages, highly motivated to protect themselves from solar UV radiation (UVR) and they perceived themselves as well protected. However, they did not seem to use effective protective practices. Sunscreen was the preferred method of sun-protection, but most participants used considerably less than the recommended amount and significantly overestimated the amount of time they could be safely exposed. Seeking shade was the least used method of sun-protection and covering-up strategies were mostly implemented as a partial protection (i.e. hats or sunglasses). The desire to reach an optimal balance between getting a tan and using sun-protection to avoid sunburns was preeminent. Several additional barriers and facilitators for sun-protection were identified. Holidaymakers might have a false sense of security when it comes to sun-exposure. They are aware of the need to protect from solar UVR, but the motive for a safe tan, the overreliance on sunscreen, the overestimation of the safe sun-exposure time for their skin type and the insufficient application of sunscreen leaves holidaymakers motivated to protect their skin at significant risk of overexposure, sunburn and skin cancer. Public health messages need to address how to implement effective sun-safe strategies.
本文呈现了一项探索性研究，旨在探究假期期间知识、动机与防晒行为之间的对应关系。从社区招募了17名年龄在21至62岁之间的参与者，他们参与了个人面对面的半结构化访谈，完成了对阳光敏感度的问题以及对防晒产品使用的客观评估。评估了度假者对阳光安全信息的了解、防晒的意图以及对防晒障碍和促进因素的认知。使用主题分析法对定性数据进行分析，并与定量数据相结合，采用一种基于实用理论的方法来综合研究结果。参与者对阳光安全信息有充分了解，有很高的积极性保护自己免受太阳紫外线辐射（UVR），并且他们认为自己得到了很好的保护。然而，他们似乎没有采用有效的防护措施。防晒霜是首选的防晒方法，但大多数参与者使用的量远低于推荐量，并且显著高估了他们可以安全暴露的时间。寻求阴凉处是最少使用的防晒方法，而遮盖策略大多只是作为部分保护措施实施（如戴帽子或太阳镜）。在晒黑和使用防晒措施以避免晒伤之间达到最佳平衡的愿望最为突出。还确定了一些其他的防晒障碍和促进因素。度假者在阳光暴露方面可能存在一种虚假的安全感。他们意识到需要保护自己免受太阳UVR的伤害，但对安全晒黑的动机、对防晒霜的过度依赖、对自身皮肤类型安全阳光暴露时间的高估以及防晒霜涂抹不足，使得度假者虽有保护皮肤的动机，但却面临过度暴露、晒伤和皮肤癌的重大风险。公共卫生信息需要解决如何实施有效的阳光安全策略的问题。
