Mosca Fabio, Giannì Maria Lorella
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan.
Pediatr Med Chir. 2017 Jun 28;39(2):155. doi: 10.4081/pmc.2017.155.
Breastfeeding is widely acknowledged as the normal and unequalled method for feeding infants due to its associated health benefits, both for the infant and the mother. The World Health Organization recommends that infants are exclusively breastfed up to the completion of six months of age, with breastfeeding continuing to be an important part of the diet until the infant is at least two years old. The several health benefits associated with breastfeeding are driven by the combined action of the nutritional and bioactive components in human milk and the magnitude of the majority of the ascertained biological effects is directly dependent on breastfeeding duration.This review briefly summarizes the current knowledge on the composition of human milk and provides an overview on its functional effects on health outcomes, focusing on the latest research results.
母乳喂养因其对婴儿和母亲都具有健康益处，而被广泛认为是喂养婴儿的正常且无与伦比的方式。世界卫生组织建议婴儿在六个月大之前完全进行母乳喂养，并且母乳喂养应持续作为饮食的重要组成部分，直至婴儿至少两岁。与母乳喂养相关的诸多健康益处是由母乳中营养成分和生物活性成分的共同作用所驱动的，并且大多数已确定的生物学效应的程度直接取决于母乳喂养的持续时间。本综述简要总结了关于母乳成分的现有知识，并概述了其对健康结果的功能影响，重点关注最新研究成果。
